1370s in England: Difference between revisions

'''*[[English monarch|Monarch''']] -– [[Edward III of England|King Edward III]] (to 21 June 1377), then [[Richard II of England|King Richard II]].

** 19 September -– [[Edward,Hundred theYears' BlackWar]]: Prince[[Siege of Limoges]] besieges&ndash; The English led by [[LimogesEdward the Black Prince]] inretake the city from the [[Kingdom of France|French]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/168|url-access=registration|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/168 168–169]}}</ref> by storm with wide destruction.

** 21 September -– John of Gaunt marries as his second wife [[Constance of Castile, (1354-1394)Duchess of Lancaster|Constance of Castile]] (daughter of King [[Peter of Castile]]), giving John of Gaunthim a claim to the throne of CastilleCastile.

** June -– [[Owain Lawgoch]] claims the title [[Prince of Wales]], sails with French support from [[Harfleur]] and raids [[Guernsey]] in preparation for an attack on [[Wales]].<ref name=CBH/>

** 22 June -– [[Hundred Years' War]]: Thethe English fleet is defeated at the [[Battle of La Rochelle]] by a Castilian-French fleet. [[Owain Lawgoch]] fights alongside the French.<ref name=CBH/>

** 17 DecemberAugust -– Hundred Years' War: French[[Poitiers]] takesurrenders controlto ofthe [[Poitou]]French.<ref name=CBH/>

** 1 December – Hundred Years' War: The French regaintake control of [[BrittanyPoitou]] from the English.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"CBH/>

** 28 April -– Hundred Years' War: French re-capture most of [[Brittany]], but are unable to take [[Brest, France|Brest]].<ref name=CBH/>

** 13 May – [[Anchoress]] Dame [[Julian of Norwich]] receives her sixteen ''[[Revelations of Divine Love]]''.
** 16 June -– Thethe [[Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373|Treaty of London]] between England and [[Portugal]] is signed and is the oldest active treaty in the world.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

** August -– Hundred Years' War: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, launches an invasion of France.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

** January -– Hundred Years' War: John of Gaunt's forces reach [[Bordeaux]].<ref name=CBH/>

** 4 May -– [[Simon Sudbury]] enthroned as [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].

** March – Hundred Years' War: March - Thethe peace treaty between England and [[France]] is extended until April 1377.

** 28 April - The– start of the [[Good Parliament]] in England, so called because its members attemptedattempt to reform the corrupt Royal Council, through the first use of [[Impeachment in the United Kingdom|impeachment]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

** 7 June -– Thethe dying Prince Edward summons his father [[Edward III of England|Edward III]] and brother John of Gaunt and makes them swear to uphold the claim to the throne of his son [[Richard II of England|Richard]].

** 8 June -– [[Edward, the Black Prince]] dies at the [[Palace of Westminster]], becoming the first English Prince of Wales to not rule as king.<ref name=CBH/>

** 10 July -– Thethe [[Good Parliament]] is dissolved. At thatthis time, it wasis the longest Parliament to have sat in England.

** September -– John of Gaunt summons religious reformer [[John Wycliffe]] to appear before the Royal Council to defend Gaunt from bishops who have become his enemies.

** October -– John of Gaunt, through the Royal Council, proceeds to undo the work of the Good Parliament.<ref name=CBH/>

** 25 December -– John of Gaunt presents his nephew, Prince [[Richard II of England|Richard]] of Bordeaux, to the feudatories of the realm and swears to uphold Richard's right to succeed Edward III.

** 27 January -– Thethe [[Bad Parliament]] begins sitting. Influenced by Prince John of Gaunt, it undoes the work done by the Good Parliament, the previous year, to reduce corruption in the Royal Council. It also introduces a [[poll tax]]. [[Thomas Hungerford (Speaker)|Thomas Hungerford]] is the first Parliamentary spokesman to hold the title of [[Speaker of the British House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker]].<ref name=CBH/>

** 20 February -– Riotsriots in London after John of Gaunt attacks the privileges of the City.<ref name=CBH/>

** 2 March -– Thethe Bad Parliament dissolved.

** 22 May -– [[Pope Gregory XI]] issues five [[Papal bull|Bulls]] condemning the opinion of [[John Wycliffe]] that Catholic priests should live in poverty like the twelve disciples of [[Jesus]].<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

** 21 June -– Edward III dies of a stroke at age 65, ending his 50 -year reign.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

** 16 July -– Coronationcoronation of the 10-year-old [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], grandson of Edward III. Richard's uncle John of Gaunt and [[Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester]] rule on his behalf until 1381.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>

** Summer -– "the [[Great Rumour"]]: [[Peasantpeasant]] unrest in [[Wiltshire]], [[Surrey]] and [[Devon]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Rosamund|last=Faith|chapter=The 'Great Rumour' of 1377 and Peasant Ideology|title=The English Rising of 1381|editor=Hilton, R. H.; |editor2=Aston, T. H. (ed)|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1984|isbn=0521267439|pages=43–73}}</ref>

** 13 October -– Richard II’sII's first parliament meets.

** Ongoing -– Hundred Years' War: French fleet burns [[Rye, East Sussex|Rye]], [[Hastings]], and [[Gravesend,]] Kent|Gravesendand [[Portsmouth]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Dockyard Timeline|url=https://portsmouthdockyard.org.uk/timeline/time/romans|publisher=Portsmouth Royal Dockyard Historical Trust|access-date=2018-09-21}}</ref> and raids the [[Isle of Wight]].<ref name=CBH/>

** March -– John Wycliffe tries to promote his ideas for Catholic reform by laying his theses before parliament and making them public in a [[Tract (literature)|tract]]. He is subsequently summoned before [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], [[Simon Sudbury|Simon of Sudbury]], at [[Lambeth Palace]] to defend his actions.

** July -– Thethe English government spy John Lamb assassinates [[Owain Lawgoch]], the Welsh claimant to the title [[Prince of Wales]].

** 20 October -– [[Western Schism]]: England recognises the Roman [[Pope Urban VI]] over the [[Antipope Clement VII|Avignon Pope Clement VII]].<ref name=CBH/>

** 2630 NovemberJune -– [[WilliamNew ofCollege, WykehamOxford]], founded foundsby [[NewWilliam College,of OxfordWykeham]], Bishop of Winchester (charter 26 November).<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>

** Hundred Years' War: French lose control of most of Brittany.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|coauthorslast2=Palmer|first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=108–110|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>

** [[John Lydgate]], Benedictine monk and poet (died 1451).

** [[Robert Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Wem|Robert Ferrers, 3rd Baron Ferrers of Wemme]] (died 1396).

** [[Edward, 2nd Duke of York|Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York]] (died 1415).

** 11 April -– [[Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March]], heir to the throne (died 1398).

** [[Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey]] (died 1400).

** [[Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge]] (approximate date; died 14151414).

** 9 November -– [[Edmund Mortimer, son of the 3rd Earl(rebel)|Edmund Mortimer]], rebel (died 1409).

** [[Henry Beaufort]], Cardinal, Lord Chancellor (died 1447).

** [[John Hardyng]], chronicler (died 1465).

** [[Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland]] (approximate date; died 1440).

** 318 Augustor -15 January – [[RalphWalter StaffordManny, 1st EarlBaron of StaffordManny]], soldier and benefactor (born 1301c. 1310).

** 11 January – [[Eleanor of Lancaster]], noblewoman (born 1318).

** [[Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford]] (born 1342).

** 5 June – [[William Whittlesey]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (year of birth unknown).

** 24 January -– [[Richard Fitzalan, 3rd Earl of Arundel|Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel]], military leader (born c. 1313).

** 8 June -– [[Edward the Black Prince|Edward, the Black Prince]], son of King [[Edward III of England]] (born 1330).

** 22 July – [[Simon Langham]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] (year of birthborn unknown1310).

** 21 June -– King [[Edward III of England]] (born 1312).

** 16 December -– [[John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel]], (born c. 1348).