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=== Smoking prevalence in all states and territories ===
The daily smoking percentage in Northern Territory, has typically had the highest smoking rates within Australia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://athra.org.au/blog/2018/11/27/northern-territory-misses-an-opportunity-to-reduce-smoking-rates/|title=Northern Territory misses an opportunity to reduce smoking rates|date=2018-11-27|website=ATHRA|access-date=2019-06-11}}</ref> The high smoking rates within Northern Territory resonates with the high percentage of Indigenous individuals living there, as the [[
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|+Daily smoking percentages of individuals 18+ in 2014–15, for each state and territory within Australia<ref name=":0" />
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The smoking prevalence of underage adults in Australia has oscillated over time.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hhs.gov/ash/oah/adolescent-development/substance-use/drugs/tobacco/trends/index.html|title=Adolescents and Tobacco: Trends|date=2016-09-23|website=HHS.gov|access-date=2019-06-11}}</ref> During the 1980s, smoking rates among young adults began to decrease, but increased during the early 1990s, while finally in the 1996, this percentage began to decrease again.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":13" /> Most recently, in 2017, the underage smoking population in Australia was found to be lowest ever recorded.<ref name=":5" />
The downward trend of the reduction of smoking amongst underage individuals from the late 1990s, was accompanied with the introduction of the National Tobacco Campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-publicat-document-metadata-tobccamp.htm#.|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20140801095025/http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-publicat-document-metadata-tobccamp.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-08-01|title=NLA Australian Government Web Archive|website=webarchive.nla.gov.au|access-date=2019-05-30}}</ref> Although failing, to reduce the smoking prevalence amongst adults within Australia,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/Publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-publicat-document-tobccamp_2-cnt.htm.|archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20140801053459/http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/Publishing.nsf/Content/health-pubhlth-publicat-document-tobccamp_2-cnt.htm.|url-status=dead|archive-date=2014-08-01|title=NLA Australian Government Web Archive|website=webarchive.nla.gov.au|access-date=2019-05-30}}</ref> the campaign proved to be a success in reducing smoke rates amongst young adults.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hill|first1=David|last2=White|first2=Victoria|last3=Effendi|first3=Yuksel|date=2002|title=Measuring Prevalence: Changes in the use of tobacco among Australian secondary students: results of the 1999 prevalence study and comparisons with earlier years|journal=Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health|volume=26|issue=2|pages=156–163|doi=10.1111/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00910.x|pmid=12054336|issn=1753-6405|doi-access=free}}</ref> Factors such tobacco taxes and stricter laws to restrict tobacco sales to minors, also played a huge role in decreasing the smoking prevalence amongst the youth.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/|title=National Drug Strategy – National Drug Strategy|website=www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au|access-date=2019-05-30}}</ref> Likewise, the decline in smoking rates from
Smoking percentage of young adults between 16 and 17 that smoked in the past week<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://beta.health.gov.au/file/9756/download?token=ApVLPOfY|title=Australian Secondary School Students' Use of Tobacco, Alcohol, Over the-counter Drugs, and Illicit Substances|last=Guerin|first=Nicola|date=|website=Cancer Council Victoria|access-date=}}</ref><graph>{
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Underage Australian students who participated in smoking purchased cigarettes most commonly from outlets such as retail markets and service stations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/tobacco/Documents/apdix-evidence-tob-retail-policy.pdf|title=Evidence of the impact of tobacco retail policy initiatives|last=Freeman|first=Becky|date=2014|website=Health NSW|access-date=}}</ref> It was found that 29% of smokers aged 12 obtained cigarettes from vending machines, in comparison to 5% of older teenagers who obtained cigarettes in this manner.<ref name="CDCTobaccoFree">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/tobacco_use/index.htm|title=Youth and Tobacco Use|date=2019-02-28|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref>
The purchase of single cigarettes was also a common way that underage smokers obtained cigarettes, with 21% of males and 12% of females purchasing single cigarettes regardless of the illegality of
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|+Underage tobacco use among students in 2018<ref name="CDCTobaccoFree"/>
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During 2006 new regulations for packaging of tobacco products were introduced, consisting of graphical warnings about the consequences of smoking.<ref name="Health"/> Since March 2006, items containing tobacco which were imported for sale or manufactured within Australia need to display the confronting images, warning individuals about the dangers of smoking.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/tobacco-warn|title=Health Warnings|date=2018|website=The Department of Health|access-date=}}</ref>
Similarly, legislation requiring [[Plain tobacco packaging|plain packaging]] was enacted through the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 and the Tobacco Plain Packaging Regulations 2011, which stipulate the use of a particular colour (Pantone 448C), typeface and font sizes, presence and specification of an image depicting disease, and material type and package construction for tobacco products.
Australia's packaging specifications for tobacco and tobacco-relate products are outlined under the Competition and Consumer (Tobacco) Information Standard (2011), which requires that graphical images about the negative effects of smoking on the body must cover 75% of the front and 90% of the back of a [[Cigarette packets in Australia|cigarette packet.]] The standard also states that these images must also cover 75% of the back of non-tobacco smoking products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/industry/plain-packaging-tobacco-products/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603093341/http://www.who.int/tobacco/publications/industry/plain-packaging-tobacco-products/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 June 2016|title=WHO {{!}} Plain packaging of tobacco products: evidence, design and implementation|website=WHO|access-date=2019-06-09}}</ref>
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* Walker, R. ''Under Fire: A History of Tobacco Smoking in Australia.'' (Melbourne University Press, 1984).
* Walker, R. B. "Tobacco smoking in Australia, 1788–1914". ''Historical Studies'' (1980). 19 (75): 267–285. doi:10.1080/10314618008595638. ISSN 0018-2559.
* Winstanley, M., S. Woodward, and N. Walker. ''Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues'' (2nd ed. 1995).
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