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{{Short description|
{{Redirect|The Jewish State||Jewish state (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title = Der Judenstaat
| name = Der Judenstaat
| image = DE Herzl Judenstaat 01.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt =
| caption = Title page of
| author = [[Theodor Herzl]]
| audio_read_by =
| title_orig = Der Judenstaat
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| country = [[Austria-Hungary]]
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| native_wikisource = Der Judenstaat
| wikisource = A Jewish State (1917 translation)
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'''''Der Judenstaat''''' ([[German language|German]], literally ''The State of the Jews'',<ref>{{cite book|last1= Sachar |first1= Howard |author-link1= Howard Sachar |title= History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time |edition= 3 republication |year= 2007 |orig-year= 1976 |publisher= [[Random House]] |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-375-71132-9 |page= 39}}</ref> commonly but erroneously rendered<ref>{{cite book|last1= Overberg |first1= Henk |title= The Jews' State – A Critical English Translation |edition= 1 |year= 2012 |orig-year= 1997 |publisher= [[Rowman & Littlefield]] |location= Plymouth, UK | isbn= 978-0765759733 |page= 3}}</ref> as ''The Jewish State'') is a pamphlet written by [[Theodor Herzl]] and published in February 1896 in [[Leipzig]] and [[Vienna]] by M. Breitenstein's Verlags-Buchhandlung. It is subtitled with ''"Versuch einer modernen Lösung der Judenfrage"'' ("Proposal of a modern solution for the Jewish question") and was originally called ''"Address to the Rothschilds"'', referring to the [[Rothschild family]] banking dynasty,<ref>{{cite book|last1= Herzl |first1= Theodor |author-link1= Theodor Herzl |others= transl. Sylvie d'Avigdor |title= Der Judenstaat |trans-title= The Jewish state |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3f4RFWkMeWoC |access-date= 2010-09-28 |edition= republication |year= 1988 |orig-year= 1896 |publisher= [[Dover Publications|Courier Dover]] |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-486-25849-2 |page= 40 |chapter= Biography, by Alex Bein |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=3f4RFWkMeWoC&pg=PA40 }}</ref> as Herzl planned to deliver it as a speech to the Rothschild family. [[Edmond James de Rothschild|Baron Edmond de Rothschild]] rejected Herzl's plan, feeling that it threatened Jews in the Diaspora. He also thought it would put his own settlements at risk.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pasachoff|first1=Naomi|title=Great Jewish Thinkers: Their Lives and Work|date=October 1992|publisher=Behrman House|isbn=0874415292|page=97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJRYTKXkpTYC&q=more+than+any+other+individual+herzl+changed+the+course+of+modern&pg=PA86|access-date=2 January 2016}}</ref>▼
▲'''
It is considered one of the most important texts of modern [[Zionism]]. As expressed in this book, Herzl envisioned the founding of a future independent [[Jewish state]] during the 20th century. He argued that the best way to avoid [[antisemitism]] in Europe was to create this independent Jewish state. The book encouraged Jews to purchase land in Palestine, although the possibility of a Jewish state in [[Argentina]] is also considered.▼
▲It is considered one of the most important texts of modern [[Zionism]]. As expressed in this book, Herzl envisioned the founding of a future independent [[Jewish state]] during the 20th century. He argued that the best way to avoid [[antisemitism]] in Europe was to create this independent Jewish state. The book encouraged Jews to purchase land in Palestine, the historic homeland of the Jews,<ref name="Cleveland, William L. 2004. p. 224">Cleveland, William L. ''A History of the Modern Middle East''. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2004. Print. p. 224</ref> although the possibility of a Jewish state in [[Argentina]] is also considered as in that country's constitution Article 25 said that: ''the immigration of Europeans will be welcomed.''
Herzl popularized the term "Zionism", which was coined by [[Nathan Birnbaum]].<ref>{{OEtymD|Zionism}}</ref> The nationalist movement culminated in the birth of the [[Israel|State of Israel]] in 1948, but Zionism continues to be connected with political support of Israel.
==Summary==
"The Jewish question persists wherever Jews live in appreciable numbers. Wherever it does not exist, it is brought in together with Jewish immigrants. We are naturally drawn into those places where we are not persecuted, and our appearance there gives rise to persecution. This is the case, and will inevitably be so, everywhere, even in highly civilised countries—see, for instance, France—so long as the Jewish question is not solved on the political level."<ref>Herzl, ''Der Judenstaat'', cited by C.D. Smith, ''Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict'', 2001, 4th ed., p. 53</ref>
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The world will be freed by our liberty, enriched by our wealth, magnified by our greatness.
And whatever we attempt there to accomplish for our own welfare, will react powerfully and beneficially for the good of humanity.<ref>''The Jewish State'', by
Herzl proposed two possible regions for settlement – Argentina and Palestine – but recognized in ''Der Judenstaat'' that colonization in either would be difficult: "In both countries important experiments in colonization have been made, though on the mistaken principle of a gradual infiltration of Jews. An infiltration is bound to end badly. It continues till the inevitable moment when the native population feels itself threatened, and forces the government to stop a further influx of Jews. Immigration is consequently futile unless we have the sovereign right to continue such immigration."<ref>[https://gutenberg.org/files/25282/25282-h/25282-h.htm. ''The Jewish State'', by Theodore Herzl]</ref>▼
▲Herzl proposed two possible regions for settlement – Argentina and Palestine – but recognized in
For that reason, Herzl, both in ''Der Judenstaat'' and in his political activity on behalf of Zionism, concentrated his efforts on securing official legal sanction from, as he put it, "the present masters of the land, putting itself under the protectorate of the European Powers, if they prove friendly to the plan." Attempts to negotiate with the Ottoman authorities failed, but with the collapse of the Ottoman empire at the end of World War I and the subsequent creation of [[Mandatory Palestine]] under the control of Britain, the Zionists gained success: Britain issued the [[Balfour Declaration]] that supported the creation of a Jewish State in Palestine.▼
▲For that reason, Herzl, both in
==Outcome==
As pointed out by Michael Stein, Herzl accurately predicted what would actually happen next: the influx of Jews into [[Mandatory Palestine]] in the 1930s did make the native Arab population feel threatened, leading to the [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|1936–1939 Arab revolt]] – which forced the British Government to announce in the [[White Paper of 1939]] a stop to the further influx of Jews.<ref>Michael Stein, ''Collected Essays in the History of Zionism'', Tel Aviv, 1954, pp. 46–47</ref>
The instrument envisioned by Herzl was "The Jewish Company" – "partly modeled on the lines of a great land-acquisition company. It might be called a Jewish [[Chartered Company]]" – i.e., following in the footsteps of the numerous Chartered Companies which had a major role in the outward expansion of various European powers since the 16th century. The Jewish Company envisioned by Herzl would have charge of both of the properties of all Jews in their present countries and of the lands and properties in the coming Jewish State; it would dispose of the former and provide every Jew with equivalent properties in the new land. Herzl clearly stipulated that "the Jewish Company will be founded as a joint stock company subject to English jurisdiction, framed according to English laws, and under the protection of England" – the [[City of London]] being at the time recognized as the financial capital of the world.
For the
==References==
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