Content deleted Content added
→top: Ce |
|||
| (21 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown) | |||
Line 4:
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Right whales<ref name=msw3>{{MSW3 Cetacea|id=14300006}}</ref>
| fossil_range =
| image = Southern right whale.jpg
| image_caption = Southern right whale breaching
Line 15:
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = *''[[Southern right whale|E. australis]]'' – [[Southern right whale|Southern]]<!-- Sentence case; please do not change to lowercase in this taxobox.--><br /><small>(Desmoulins, 1822)</small><ref name="iucn-australis"/>
*†''[[Eubalaena ianitrix|E. ianitrix]]'' <small>Bisconti, Lambert, and Bosselaers, 2017</small><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bisconti
*''[[North Atlantic right whale|E. glacialis]]'' – [[North Atlantic right whale|North Atlantic]]<br /><small>(Müller, 1776)</small><ref name="iucn-glacialis">{{cite iucn |author=Cooke, J.G. |date=2020 |title=''Eubalaena glacialis'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T41712A178589687 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41712A178589687.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
*''[[North Pacific right whale|E. japonica]]'' – [[North Pacific right whale|North Pacific]]<br /><small>([[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|Lacépède]], 1818)</small><ref name="iucn-japonica">{{cite iucn |author=Cooke, J.G. |author2=Clapham, P.J. |date=2018 |title=''Eubalaena japonica'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T41711A50380694 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T41711A50380694.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
Line 34:
All three species are [[Animal migration|migratory]], moving seasonally to feed or give birth. The warm equatorial waters form a barrier that isolates the northern and southern species from one another although the southern species, at least, has been known to cross the [[equator]]. In the Northern Hemisphere, right whales tend to avoid open waters and stay close to [[peninsula]]s and bays and on [[continental shelf|continental shelves]], as these areas offer greater shelter and an abundance of their preferred foods. In the Southern Hemisphere, right whales feed far offshore in summer, but a large portion of the population occur in near-shore waters in winter. Right whales feed mainly on [[copepods]] but also consume [[krill]] and [[pteropod]]s. They may forage the surface, underwater or even the ocean bottom. During courtship, males gather into large groups to compete for a single female, suggesting that [[sperm competition]] is an important factor in mating behavior. [[Gestation]] tends to last a year, and calves are weaned at eight months old.
Right whales were a preferred target for [[whaling|whalers]] because of their docile nature, their slow surface-skimming feeding behaviors, their tendency to stay close to the coast, and their high [[blubber]] content (which makes them float when they are killed, and which produced high yields of [[whale oil]]). Although the whales no longer face pressure from commercial whaling, humans
==Naming==
Line 40:
{{blockquote|Despite this highly plausible rationale, nobody actually knows how the right whale got its name. The earliest references to the right whale offer no indication why it was called that, and some who have studied the issue point out that the word "right" in this context might just as likely be intended "to connote 'true' or 'proper,' meaning typical of the group."|E.J. Dolin, ''Leviathan: The History of Whaling in America'', quoting a 1766 ''Connecticut Courant'' newspaper article.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Leviathan: The History of Whaling in America|first1=Eric Jay|last1=Dolin|publisher=W.W. Norton & Co.|year=2007|isbn=978-0-393-06057-7|page=22|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=KlVe8hYUpU4C|page=22}}|access-date=30 September 2012}}; (quoting {{cite news|title=Boston, August 21|newspaper=Connecticut Courant|date=1 September 1766}}); (also quoting {{cite book|first=John Randolph |last=Spears|title=The story of the New England whalers|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=kNQ1AAAAMAAJ |page=80}}|year=1908|publisher=The Macmillan Company|pages=80–81}})</ref>}}
For the [[scientific names]], the generic name ''Eubalaena'' means "good or true whales", and specific names include ''glacialis'' ("ice") for North Atlantic species, ''australis'' ("southern") for Southern Hemisphere species, and ''japonica'' ("Japanese") for North Pacific species.
==Taxonomy==
[[File:081012 scan 27.jpg|thumb|North Pacific right whale in [[Half Moon Bay, California]], 20 March 1982, photo by Jim Scarff]]
The right whales were first classified in the genus ''Balaena'' in 1758 by [[Carl Linnaeus]], who at the time considered all of the right whales (including the bowhead) as a single species.
{{cite journal
|author=Müller, J.
Line 61:
| title = Marine Mammals of the World: Systematics and distribution
| series=Special Publication
| volume=
| publisher = Society of Marine Mammalogy
| isbn=
}}
</ref>
Line 78:
|volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=545–558
|doi=10.1111/j.1748-7692.2000.tb00950.x
|doi-access=free
}}▼
|bibcode=2000MMamS..16..545M
▲ }}
</ref>
The authors of one of these studies concluded that these species have not interbred for between 3 million and 12 million years.<ref name=Malik/>
In 2001, Brownell ''et al''. reevaluated the conservation status of the North Pacific right whale as a distinct species,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brownell |first1=Robert L. |last2=Clapham |first2=Phillip J. |last3=Miyashita |first3=Tomio |last4=Kasuya |first4=Toshio |title=Conservation status of North Pacific right whales |journal=Journal of Cetacean Research and Management |date=22 October 2020 |pages=269–286 |doi=10.47536/jcrm.vi.281 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and in 2002, the Scientific Committee of the [[International Whaling Commission]] (IWC) accepted Rosenbaum's findings, and recommended that the ''Eubalaena'' nomenclature be retained for this genus.<ref name=SMM>
{{cite web
|title=List of marine mammal species and subspecies
Line 126 ⟶ 117:
|caption=The right whales, genus ''Eubalaena'', in the family [[Balaenidae]]<ref name=Rosenbaum>
{{cite journal
|author1=Rosenbaum, H.C. |author2=Brownell, R.L.
|author4=Schaeff, C. |author5=Portway, V. |author6=White, B.N.
|author7=Malik, S. |author8=Pastene, L.A. |author9=Patenaude, N.J.
Line 138 ⟶ 129:
|journal=[[Molecular Ecology]]
|volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=1793–802
|doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01066.x |pmid=11091315|bibcode=2000MolEc...9.1793R |s2cid=7166876
}}
</ref>
Line 164 ⟶ 155:
}}
A [[cladogram]] is a tool for visualizing and comparing the evolutionary relationships between [[taxa]]; the point where each node branches is analogous to an evolutionary branching – the diagram can be read left-to-right, much like a timeline.
{{clear left}}
Line 172 ⟶ 163:
|author1=Kaliszewska, Z.A. |author2=Seger, J. |author3=Barco, S.G.
|author4=Benegas, R. |author5=Best, P.B. |author6=Brown, M.W.
|author7=Brownell, R.L.
|author10=Knowlton, A.R. |author11=Marshalltilas, K. |author12=Patenaude, N.J.
|author13=Rivarola, M. |author14=Schaeff, C.M. |author15=Sironi, M.
Line 181 ⟶ 172:
|journal=[[Molecular Ecology]]
|volume=14 |issue=11 |pages=3439–3456
|doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02664.x |pmid=16156814 |bibcode=2005MolEc..14.3439K |s2cid=803511
}}
</ref>
Line 213 ⟶ 203:
|title=Taxonomy of Australian Mammals
|publisher=Csiro Publishing
|isbn=
|page=315
|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=RPznCQAAQBAJ|page=305}}
Line 226 ⟶ 216:
| year = 2013
| title = The pygmy right whale ''Caperea marginata'': The last of the cetotheres
| journal =
| volume = 280 | issue = 1753 | page=20122645
| doi = 10.1098/rspb.2012.2645 | pmid=23256199 | pmc=3574355
Line 232 ⟶ 222:
</ref><!-- {{Harvnb|Fordyce|Marx|2013}} -->
Yet another species of right whale was proposed by [[Emanuel Swedenborg]] in the 18th century—the so-called ''Swedenborg whale''. The description of this species was based on a collection of fossil bones unearthed at Norra Vånga, Sweden, in 1705 and believed to be those of [[giant (mythology)|giant]]s. The bones were examined by Swedenborg, who realized they belong to a species of whale. The existence of this species has been debated, and further evidence for this species was discovered during the construction of a motorway in [[Strömstad]], Sweden in 2009.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Prehistoric Whale Discovered On The West Coast Of Sweden |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090605110420.htm |work=ScienceDaily |publisher=University of Gothenburg |date=8 June 2009 }}</ref>
To date, however, scientific consensus still considers ''Hunterius swedenborgii'' to be a North Atlantic right whale.<ref>
{{cite web
Line 279 ⟶ 260:
| work = Fortune
| access-date = 2016-01-22
}}</ref> The primary role of callosities has been considered to be protection against predators. Right whale declines might have also reduced barnacles.<ref name=ShimodaBarnacle>{{cite
An unusually large 40% of their body weight is [[blubber]], which is of relatively low density. Consequently, unlike many other species of whale, dead right whales tend to float.<ref name="morphology">{{cite journal |
The penis on a right whale can be up to {{convert|2.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} – the [[testes]], at up to {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length, {{convert|78|cm|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter, and weighing up to 525 kg (1157 lbs), are also by far the largest of any animal on Earth.<ref name="Feldhamer">{{cite book|last1=Feldhamer|first1=George A.|last2=Thompson|first2=Bruce C.|last3=Chapman|first3=Joseph A.|title=Wild mammals of North America
|edition=2nd|page=432}}</ref> The [[blue whale]] may be the largest animal on the planet, yet the testicles of the right whale are ten times the size of those of the blue whale. They also exceed predictions in terms of relative size, being six times larger than would be expected on the basis of body mass. Together, the testicles make up nearly 1% of the right whale's total body weight. This strongly suggests [[sperm competition]] is important in mating, which correlates to the fact that right whales are highly [[promiscuous]].<ref name=ADW>{{cite web|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Eubalaena_glacialis.html|title=Eubalaena glacialis: North Atlantic right whale: Information|publisher=[[University of Michigan]] Museum of Zoology|work=Animal Diversity Web|year=2002|access-date=April 30, 2006|author=Crane, J.|author2=Scott, R.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brownell|first1=Robert L. Jr.|title=Potential for sperm competition in baleen whales|last2=Ralls|first2=K.|journal=Report of the International Whaling Commission|year=1986|volume=8|issue=8|pages=97–112}}</ref>
==Range and habitat==
[[File:Eubalaena blow.jpg|thumb|The distinctive V-shaped blow of a right whale|alt=Photo of two plumes of spray coming from a whale at the surface]]
The three ''Eubalaena'' species inhabit three distinct areas of the globe: the North Atlantic in the western Atlantic Ocean, the North Pacific in a band from Japan to [[Alaska]] and all areas of the [[Southern Ocean]]. The whales can only cope with the moderate temperatures found between 20 and 60 degrees in latitude. The warm equatorial waters form a barrier that prevents mixing between the northern and southern groups with minor exclusions.<ref name=StatusPeru>{{cite journal |
Because the oceans are so large, it is very difficult to accurately gauge whale population sizes. Approximate figures:<ref name="Kenney2009"/>
Line 297 ⟶ 278:
===North Atlantic right whale===
Almost all of the 400 North Atlantic right whales live in the western North Atlantic Ocean. In northern spring, summer and autumn, they feed in areas off the Canadian and northeast U.S. coasts in a range stretching from [[New York (state)|New York]] to [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. Particularly popular feeding areas are the [[Bay of Fundy]] and [[Cape Cod Bay]]. In winter, they head south towards [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] and [[Florida]] to give birth.<ref>{{cite web|author=Moore, M.|date=November 3, 2004|title=Whither the North Atlantic Right Whale?: Scientists explore many facets of whales' lives to help species on the edge of extinction|publisher=Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution|access-date=August 10, 2012|url=http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewArticle.do?id=2482}}</ref> There have been a smattering of sightings further east over the past few decades; several sightings were made close to [[Iceland]] in 2003. These are possibly the remains of a virtually extinct eastern Atlantic stock, but examination of old whalers' records suggests they are more likely to be strays.<ref name="Kenney2009"/> However, a few sightings have happened between Norway, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, the Canary Islands and Italy;<ref>{{cite journal|author=Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.|author2=E. Politi|author3= A. Bayed|author4=P.-C. Beaubrun|author5=A. Knowlton|name-list-style=amp|year=1998|title=A winter cetacean survey off Southern Morocco, with a special emphasis on suitable habitats for wintering right whales|journal=Reports of the International Whaling Commission|volume=48|pages=547–550}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |
===North Pacific right whale===
The North Pacific right whale appears to occur in two populations. The population in the eastern North Pacific/Bering Sea is extremely low, numbering about 30 individuals.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Viegas |first1=Jennifer |title=Smallest whale population identified |url=
===Southern right whale===
The last major population review of southern right whales by the International Whaling Commission was in 1998. Researchers used data about adult female populations from three surveys (one in each of Argentina, South Africa and Australia) and extrapolated to include unsurveyed areas and estimated counts of males and calves (using available male:female and adult:calf ratios), giving an estimated 1997 population of 7,500 animals. More recent data from 2007 indicate those survey areas have shown evidence of strong recovery, with a population approaching twice that of a decade earlier. However, other breeding populations are still very small, and data are insufficient to determine whether they, too, are recovering.<ref name="iucn-australis">{{cite iucn |author=Cooke, J.G. |author2=Zerbini, A.N. |date=2018 |title=''Eubalaena australis'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T8153A50354147 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T8153A50354147.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>
The southern right whale spends the summer months in the far Southern Ocean feeding, probably close to [[Antarctica]]. It migrates north in winter for breeding, and can be seen around the coasts of [[Argentina]], [[Australia]], [[Brazil]], [[Chile]], [[Mozambique]], [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]] and [[Uruguay]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Southern right whales of Patagonia |publisher=Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society |access-date=August 7, 2012 |url=http://www.wdcs.org/submissions_bin/southern_right_whales_patagonia_argentina.pdf
==Life history==
Line 318 ⟶ 299:
{{See also|Whale sound}}
Vocalizations made by right whales are not elaborate compared to those made by other whale species. The whales make groans, pops and belches typically at frequencies around 500 [[Hertz|Hz]]. The purpose of the sounds is not known but may be a form of communication between whales within the same group. Northern right whales responded to sounds similar to [[Siren (noisemaker)|police sirens]]—sounds of much higher [[frequency]] than their own. On hearing the sounds, they moved rapidly to the surface. The research was of particular interest because northern rights ignore most sounds, including those of approaching boats. Researchers speculate this information may be useful in attempts to reduce the number of ship-whale collisions or to encourage the whales to surface for ease of harvesting.<ref name=BBC_Sirens>{{cite news |
===Courtship and reproduction===
{{See also|Whale reproduction}}
[[File:Eubalaena glacialis with calf.jpg|thumb|right|A female North Atlantic right whale with her calf.]]
During the [[mating season]], which can occur at any time in the North Atlantic, right whales gather into "surface-active groups" made up of as many as 20 males consorting a single female. The female has her belly to the surface while the males stroke her with their flippers or keep her underwater. The males do not compete as aggressively against each other as male humpbacks. The female may not become pregnant but she is still able to assess the condition of potential mates.<ref name="Kenney2009"/> The mean age of first [[parturition]] in North Atlantic right whales is estimated at between 7.5<ref name="Knowlton"/> and 9<ref>{{cite journal|author=P.K. Hamilton|author2=A.R. Knowlton|author3=M.K. Marx|author4=S.D. Kraus|name-list-style=amp|title=Age structure and longevity in North Atlantic right whales (''Eubalaena glacialis'') and their relation to reproduction|journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series|volume=171|year=1998|pages=285–292|doi=10.3354/meps171285|bibcode=1998MEPS..171..285H|doi-access=free}}</ref> years. Females breed every 3–5 years;<ref name="Knowlton">{{Cite journal|author1=A.R. Knowlton|author2=S.D. Kraus |author3=R.D. Kenney |name-list-style=amp |title=Reproduction in North Atlantic right whales (''Eubalaena glacialis'')|journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology|volume=72|year=1994|pages=1297–1305|doi=10.1139/z94-173|issue=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=R. Payne|author2=V. Rowntree|author3=J.S. Perkins|author4=J.G. Cooke|author5=K. Lankester|name-list-style=amp|title=Population size, trends and reproductive parameters of right whales (''Eubalaena australis'') off Peninsula Valdez, Argentina|journal=Report of the International Whaling Commission |volume=Special Issue 12|year=1990|pages=271–278}}</ref> the most commonly seen calving intervals are 3 years and may vary from 2 up to 21 years due to multiple factors.<ref>{{cite journal |
Both reproduction and calving take place during the winter months.<ref>{{cite journal|author=P.B. Best|title=Seasonality of reproduction and the length of gestation in southern right whales ''Eubalaena australis''|journal=Journal of Zoology (London)|volume=32|year=1994|pages=175–189|doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb01567.x|issue=2}}</ref> Calves are approximately {{convert|1|ST|t LT}} in weight and {{convert|4|-|6|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length at birth following a [[gestation period]] of 1 year. The right whale grows rapidly in its first year, typically doubling in length. Weaning occurs after eight months to one year and the growth rate in later years is not well understood—it may be highly dependent on whether a calf stays with its mother for a second year.<ref name="Kenney2009"/>
Line 353 ⟶ 334:
===Whale watching===
{{main|Whale watching}}
The southern right whale has made [[Hermanus]], South Africa, one of the world centers for whale watching. During the winter months (July–October), southern right whales come so close to the shoreline, visitors can watch whales from strategically placed hotels.<ref>{{cite web|title=Whale Watching in Hermanus at the Windsor Hotel|publisher=Windsor Hotel website|access-date=August 10, 2012|url=http://www.windsorhotel.co.za/}}</ref> The town employs a "whale crier" ([[cf.]] [[town crier]]) to walk through the town announcing where whales have been seen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hermanus Whale Crier|publisher=SA Venues.com|access-date=August 7, 2012|url=http://www.sa-venues.com/attractionswc/hermanus-whale-crier.htm}}</ref> In Brazil, Imbituba in [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]] has been recognized as the National Right Whale Capital and holds annual Right Whale Week celebrations in September<ref>{{cite web|title=News From Brazil|publisher=Cetacean Society International|access-date=August 10, 2012|url=http://csiwhalesalive.org/newsletters/csi04209.html
==Conservation==
Line 362 ⟶ 343:
The southern right whale is listed as "endangered" under the Australian [[Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act]], as "nationally endangered" under the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System]], as a "natural monument" by the [[Argentine National Congress]], and as a "State Natural Monument" under the Brazilian National Endangered Species List.<ref name="NMFS-S"/>
The
The southern right whale, listed as "endangered" by CITES and "lower risk - conservation dependent" by the IUCN, is protected in the jurisdictional waters of all countries with known breeding populations (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, New Zealand, South Africa and Uruguay). In Brazil, a federal [[Environmental Protection Area (Brazil)|Environmental Protection Area]] encompassing some {{convert|1560|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} and {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}} of coastline in Santa Catarina State was established in 2000 to protect the species' main breeding grounds in Brazil and promote whale watching.<ref>{{cite web|title=Área de Proteção Ambiental|url=http://www.baleiafranca.org.br/area/area.htm|publisher=Projeto Baleia Franca|access-date=4 September 2012|language=pt
On February 6, 2006, NOAA proposed its Strategy to Reduce Ship Strikes to North Atlantic Right Whales.<ref>NOAA. [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/shipstrike/ Proposed Strategy to Reduce Ship Strikes to North Atlantic Right Whales.]</ref> The proposal, opposed by some shipping interests, limited ship speeds during calving season. The proposal was made official when on December 8, 2008, NOAA issued a press release that included the following:<ref name=noaaregs/>
Line 378 ⟶ 359:
* Scientists would assess the rule's effectiveness before the rule expires in 2013.
In 2020, NOAA published its assessment and found that since the speed rule was adopted, the total number of documented deaths from vessel strike decreased but serious and non-serious injuries have increased.<ref name=NOAA2022>{{cite report|date=June 2020|title= North Atlantic Right Whale (''Eubalaena glacialis'') Vessel Speed Rule Assessment |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |url=https://media.fisheries.noaa.gov/2021-01/FINAL_NARW_Vessel_Speed_Rule_Report_Jun_2020.pdf?null|
===Threats===
Line 385 ⟶ 366:
The leading cause of death among the North Atlantic right whale, which migrates through some of the world's busiest shipping lanes while journeying off the east coast of the United States and Canada, is being struck by ships.<ref group="note">The [[Lloyd's mirror#Underwater acoustics|Lloyd's mirror]] effect results in low frequency propeller sounds not being discernible near the surface, where most accidents occur. Combined with spreading and acoustic shadowing effects, the result is that the animal is unable to hear an approaching vessel before it has been run over or entrapped by the hydrodynamic forces of the vessel's passage.</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Vanderlaan|author2=Taggart|name-list-style=amp|title=Vessel collisions with whales: the probability of lethal injury based on vessel speed|publisher=Mar. Mam. Sci|year=2007|url=http://www.phys.ocean.dal.ca/~taggart/Publications/Vanderlaan_Taggart_MarMamSci-23_2007.pdf|access-date=May 10, 2008}}</ref> At least sixteen ship-strike deaths were reported between 1970 and 1999, and probably more remain unreported.<ref name="Kenney2009"/> According to NOAA, twenty-five of the seventy-one right whale deaths reported since 1970 resulted from ship strikes.<ref name=noaaregs>{{cite web|last=NOAA|title=Press Release on Effective Date of Speed Regulations|date=December 8, 2008|url=http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/shipstrike/pressrelease_effective.pdf|access-date=December 21, 2008}}</ref>
A second major cause of morbidity and mortality in the North Atlantic right whale is entanglement in [[ocean plastic|plastic]] [[fishing net|fishing gear]]. Right whales ingest plankton with wide-open mouths, risking entanglement in any rope or net fixed in the water column. Rope wraps around their upper jaws, flippers and tails. Some are able to escape, but others remain tangled.<ref>{{cite
In 2012, the U.S. Navy proposed to create a new undersea naval training range immediately adjacent to northern right whale calving grounds in shallow waters off the Florida/Georgia border. Legal challenges by leading environmental groups including the [[Natural Resources Defense Council]] were denied in federal court, allowing the Navy to proceed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2012/09/10/50119.htm|title=Whale Defenders Lose Navy Training Challenge|publisher=Courthouse News Service|date=September 12, 2012|author=Strachan, Deshayla|access-date=September 20, 2012
==Notes==
Line 401 ⟶ 382:
{{Commons category|Eubalaena}}
{{Wikispecies|Eubalaena}}
<!-- North Atlantic only -->* [http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/educators/lesson_plans/whale/index.html Right Whale Lesson Plan from Smithsonian Education]
* [http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life-ecosystems/north-atlantic-right-whale North Atlantic Right Whale on the Smithsonian Ocean Portal]
Line 415 ⟶ 395:
{{DEFAULTSORT:Right Whale}}
[[Category:Right whales| ]]
[[Category:Balaenidae]]
[[Category:Cetaceans of Europe]]
| |||