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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{History of Switzerland}}
Since 1848, the [[Swiss Confederation]] has been a [[federal republic]] of relatively autonomous [[Cantons of Switzerland|cantons]], some of which have a history of
federation that goes back more than 700 years, putting them among the world's oldest surviving [[republic]]s.
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[[Archeology|Archeological]] evidence suggests that hunter-gatherers were already settled in the lowlands north of the [[Swiss Alps|Alps]] in the [[Middle Paleolithic]] period 150,000 years ago.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch/prehistory-lake-dwellings.html|title=Switzerland's Prehistory: Stone Age, Lake Dwellings|website=history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch|access-date=November 24, 2013|archive-date=January 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103114925/http://history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch/prehistory-lake-dwellings.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Agriculture in Switzerland]] began around 5500 BC. By the [[Neolithic]] period, the area was relatively densely populated. Remains of [[Bronze Age]] [[pile dwelling]]s from as early as 3800 BC<ref>{{cite news|title=Prehistoric find located beneath the waves|date=September 10, 2007|author=Julia Slater|publisher=[[swissinfo]]|url=http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/social_affairs/detail/Prehistoric_find_located_beneath_the_waves.html?siteSect=201&sid=8202971|access-date=September 15, 2007|archive-date=June 16, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616154424/http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/social_affairs/detail/Prehistoric_find_located_beneath_the_waves.html?siteSect=201&sid=8202971|url-status=dead}}</ref> have been found in the shallow areas of many lakes. Around 1500 BC, [[Celt]]ic tribes settled in the area. The [[Raetia]]ns lived in the eastern regions, while the west was occupied by the [[Helvetii]].
A
=== Antiquity ===
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| image_flag = Flag of Switzerland 2-3.svg
| image_coat = Coat of arms of Switzerland.svg
| image_map =
| capital = None
| largest_city =
| year_end = 1939
| year_start = 1848
| title_leader = [[President of Switzerland|President]]
| year_leader1 = 1848-1849
| leader1 = [[Jonas Furrer]]
| year_leader2 = 1939
| leader2 = [[Philipp Etter]]
| event_start = End of the [[Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland]]
| event_end = Start of [[World War II]]
| p1 = Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland{{!}}Switzerland
| s1 =
| flag_p1 = Flag of Switzerland 2-3.svg
| flag_s1 = Flag of Switzerland 2-3.svg
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Switzerland's role in many United Nations and international organizations helped to mitigate the country's concern for neutrality. In 2002, Switzerland voters gave 55% of their vote in favour of the UN and joined the United Nations. This followed decades of debate and its previous rejection of membership in 1986 by a 3-1 popular vote.<ref>See [http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/Moving_towards_the_UN_in_slow_motion.html?cid=291972 "Moving towards the UN in slow motion" ''SWI'' May 25, 2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113033826/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/Moving_towards_the_UN_in_slow_motion.html?cid=291972 |date=November 13, 2013 }}</ref>
[[Women's suffrage in Switzerland|Swiss women gained the right to vote]] in national-level elections in 1971, and an equal rights amendment was ratified in 1981,<ref>{{cite book | last = Banaszak | first = Lee Ann | title = Why movements succeed or fail: Opportunity, culture, and the struggle for woman suffrage | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, New Jersey | year = 1996 | isbn = 978-0-691-02639-8 }}</ref> however it was not until 1990 that the courts established full nationwide voting rights for women in all elections.<ref>{{cite web |title=Appenzell Inner Rhodes: the last Swiss canton to give women the vote |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/a-visit-to-appenzell-inner-rhodes--the-last-canton-to-grant-women-the-right-to-vote-in-switzerland-/46328984 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |date=February 2, 2021 |access-date=24 September 2022 |language=en |archive-date=September 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921205736/https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/politics/a-visit-to-appenzell-inner-rhodes--the-last-canton-to-grant-women-the-right-to-vote-in-switzerland-/46328984 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Switzerland is not a member state of the [[European Union|EU]] but has been (together with [[Liechtenstein]]) surrounded by EU territory since the joining of Austria in 1995. In 2005, Switzerland agreed to join the [[Schengen treaty]] and [[Dublin Convention]] by popular vote. In February 2014, Swiss voters approved [[Swiss immigration referendum, February 2014|a referendum]] to reinstitute quotas on immigration to Switzerland, setting off a period of finding an implementation that would not violate the [[European Single Market#Free movement of persons|EU's freedom of movement accords]] that Switzerland adopted.
Following the [[
== Order of accession of the cantons ==
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== See also ==
{{Portal bar|History|Switzerland}}
*[[Historiography of Switzerland]]
*[[History of the Grisons]]
*[[History of Zürich]]
*[[History of the Canton of Aargau]]
*[[List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation]]
*[[Politics of Switzerland]]
*[[Postage stamps and postal history of Switzerland]]
'''General
*[[History of the Alps]]
*[[History of Europe]]
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*[http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Switzerland:_Primary_Documents History of Switzerland: Primary Documents]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110309035235/http://swissamericanhistoricalsoc.org/ Swiss American Historical Society]
* [[Henry Smith Williams|Williams, Henry Smith (Ed.)]] 1905, [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73369 The historians' history of the world in twenty-five volumes, volume 17: Switzerland (concluded), Russia and Poland], New York: The Outlook Company.
{{History of Europe}}
{{European history by country}}
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