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| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[John Korty]]<br />[[Charles Swenson]]
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| story = John Korty<br />Bill Couturié<br />Suella Kennedy
| producer = Bill Couturié
| starring = [[Lorenzo Music]]<br />[[Julie Payne (actress, born 1946)|Julie Payne]]<br />James Cranna<br />[[Hamilton Camp]]<br />[[Marshall Efron]]<br />[[Judith Kahan|Judith Kahan Kampmann]]
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| gross = $5,000
}}
'''''Twice Upon a Time''''' is a 1983 American [[Animated film|animated]] [[adventure film|adventure]] [[Fantasy film|fantasy]] [[comedy film]] co-directed by [[John Korty]] and [[Charles Swenson]] from a screenplay by Korty, Swenson, Suella Kennedy, and [[Bill Couturié]].<ref>[https://www.allmovie.com/movie/twice-upon-a-time-v51306 AllMovie]</ref> The first animated film produced by [[George Lucas]], it uses a form of [[cutout animation]] which the filmmakers called "Lumage
The film features [[Improvisational comedy|improvised dialogue]] and a visual blend of live-action, traditional 2D-animation, and [[stop motion|stop-motion]].
==Plot==
In the eternally busy city of Din, the black-and-white Rushers constantly go about their business in a fast-paced way and stop only to sleep
Meanwhile, two misfits
Mumford and Ralph release the [[Spring (season)|spring]], which causes time to freeze. They chase the spring throughout Din, but Botch's vultures steal the spring and begin planting every nightmare bomb in the Murkworks' inventory all over Din. A [[Fairy Godmother]] (FGM) twinkles in to tell Mumford and Ralph that they have been tricked and gives them three dimes to make a phone booth appear in case they need her help. FGM also recruits the help of the dim-witted but musclebound Rod Rescueman to aid them. However, Rod is more interested in rescuing Fauna
Ralph and Mumford find nightmare bombs scattered in an [[office]], ready to be set off by Botch once it starts time again. Mumford accidentally [[Detonation|detonates]] a bomb, and the two are trapped in a nightmare in which
Rod and Flora rescue Greenie and the Figs
Scuzzbopper, Flora, and Rod assume command of the Murkworks, with Flora giving a parting kiss to Ralph and Mumford for helping to save Greenie. As the two heroes leave, the Fairy Godmother congratulates them and allows them to keep their last dime as a symbol of good [[luck]]. The spring returns to the Cosmic Clock of its own will
==Cast==
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* [[Paul Frees]] as Narrator / Chef of State / Judges / Bailiff
* [[Judith Kahan|Judith Kahan Kampmann]] as The Fairy Godmother ("F.G.M.")
* Mum as Himself
==Production==
John Korty developed the "Lumage" animation process, a type of modular animation in which cutout shapes are photographed on large fields of glass up to 46 inches across rather than the standard 12-inch fields used in [[Traditional animation|cel animation]] over twenty years providing animated segments for projects such as ''[[The Electric Company]]'' and ''[[Sesame Street]]''.<ref name="TwiceUponProduction">{{cite magazine |last=Anderson|first=Kay|date=1982|title= Twice Upon a Time|url=https://archive.org/details/cinefantastique_1970-2002/Cinefantastique%20Vol%2013%20No%202-3%20%281982%29/page/n10/mode/1up?view=theater|url-status= |magazine=[[Cinefantastique]]|location= |publisher= Fourth Castle Micromedia|access-date=May 7, 2023}}</ref> In 1979, Korty set his sights on producing a feature film as a showcase for the Lumage technique as it was more economical than cel animation with 90 minutes of Lumage animation coming in under $4 million vs 75 minutes of cel animation costing $15 million.<ref name= "TwiceUponProduction"/> Korty raised $130,000
=== Alternate versions ===▼
There were many different versions of this movie because the producers could only hire [[Improvisational comedy|improvisational comedians]].▼
In one version, Greensleeves is not kidnapped at the beginning.
Another version of the movie included Synonamess Botch swearing throughout the film. From the outset, director [[John Korty]] did not want to use the dialogue of the original script, but actor Marshall Efron thought his lines were perfect and played up the raunchier aspects of his character. Some lines were selected by producer [[Bill Couturié]] as he felt it would help the film appeal to older audiences.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ehrbar |first=Greg |date=2015-10-08 |title=DVD Review: 'Twice Upon a Time' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2015/10/dvd-review-twice-upon-a-time-122568/
==Release==
The studio producing ''Twice Upon a Time'', [[The Ladd Company]], was nearing bankruptcy and had a choice of either putting the movie into limited release or worldwide release, facing a similar difficulty with ''[[The Right Stuff (film)|The Right Stuff]]''. The Ladd Company decided to release ''Twice Upon a Time'' into a limited release,
=== Home media and television ===
A few years later, ''Twice Upon a Time'' was shown by [[HBO]]. However, the version that HBO received and showed was the version with the profanity. When Korty found out, he immediately contacted HBO, threatening legal action if this version was aired again. After three showings, HBO suspended broadcasts of the film until supplied with a new family-friendly cut from Korty. This new cut filled-out the remaining showings of ''Twice Upon a Time'' scheduled that month, prompting complaints of "censored" movies being shown on HBO. Following these complaints, HBO chose to never air the film again on their service.<ref>Damsel in distress currently on fire (20 years later, ''Twice Upon a Time'' still burns), [http://home.earthlink.net/~ironybread/20yrs.htm Taylor Jessen], Retrieved on April 10, 2008</ref> Two months later, [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] and over-the-air pay television service Spectrum acquired rights to show the film, but only the Korty-approved version. This version had the complete scene of "Out on My Own" as well as the uncut final reel of the film absent from the later home video version.
In 1991, the film was released on [[Videotape|videocassette]] and [[laserdisc]]. This release contains John Korty's intended [[family-friendly]] cut, with some scenes roughly trimmed short to remove profanity that was still present.
Its [[Cult following|cult status]] boosted when the film began to be shared on [[viral video]] sites. Perhaps in response to the lack of official support for the film, several bootleg copies of the original, uncut version were available via torrents. The film aired on the [[Disney Channel]] as part of its "[[Disney anthology television series|Magical World of Disney]]" movie block in 1997, it also aired as part of [[Cartoon Network]]'s Cartoon Theatre on September 12, 1998. It has also been shown early mornings on [[Turner Classic Movies]], first on February 1, 2015 as part of the channel's [[TCM Underground]] block, and again on May 20, 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=TCM Full Schedule-Turner Classic Movies |url=http://www.tcm.com/schedule/index.html?tz=CST&sdate=2019-05-19 |access-date=25 May 2019}}</ref>
The film was released in a Special Edition DVD on September 29, 2015 through [[Warner Archive]]. The DVD contained both cuts, an [[audio commentary]] with John Korty and selected crew members (including [[Henry Selick]]), and the [[Trailer (promotion)|original theatrical trailer]] and [[Television advertisement|TV spots]].<ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2015 |title=Exclusive: John Korty's ''Twice Upon A Time'' Coming To Home Video |url=http://www.cartoonbrew.com/dvd/john-kortys-twice-upon-a-time-coming-to-home-video-exclusive-109606.html |access-date=7 December 2015 |work=Cartoon Brew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2015 |title=Amazon.com: Twice Upon A Time: John Korty, Charles Swenson: Movies & TV |url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B014Q67MJU/ |access-date=7 December 2015 |website=Amazon}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|pqCRgiHHvB4|''Twice Upon a Time'' trailer (4x3) – warnerarchive}}</ref>
▲==Alternate versions==
▲There were many different versions of this movie because the producers could only hire [[Improvisational comedy|improvisational comedians]].
▲In one version, Greensleeves is not kidnapped at the beginning. Ralph and Mumford release and lose the spring, then stop by a bar where they meet Greensleeves, who urges the boys to get the spring. Later, the spring escapes the vultures and finds its way to Greenie, who is then asked to put the spring back in the cosmic clock. At this point, the vultures swoop in and capture Greensleeves and the spring.
▲Another version of the movie included Synonamess Botch swearing throughout the film. From the outset, director [[John Korty]] did not want to use the dialogue of the original script, but actor Marshall Efron thought his lines were perfect and played up the raunchier aspects of his character. Some lines were selected by producer [[Bill Couturié]] as he felt it would help the film appeal to older audiences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiewire.com/2015/10/dvd-review-twice-upon-a-time-122568/|title=DVD Review: 'Twice Upon a Time'|last=Ehrbar|first=Greg|date=2015-10-08|website=IndieWire|language=en|access-date=2019-04-20}}</ref> Korty was unaware of this until opening night and was angry about how Marshall Efron's lines were delivered from the script.<ref>[https://366weirdmovies.com/list-candidate-twice-upon-a-time-1983/ 366 Weird Movies]</ref> Most theaters that showed the film also played the version with the profanity instead of reprinting it with the family friendly cut. Although the censored version was not rated, the version with the profanity was given a PG rating.
==Soundtrack==
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