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Line 1: '''ICARUS''' ('''I'''maging '''C'''osmic '''A'''nd '''R'''are '''U'''nderground '''S'''ignals) is a [[physics]] experiment aimed at studying [[neutrino]]s. It was located at the [[Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso]] (LNGS). After completion of its operations there, it was refurbished at [[CERN]] for re-use in the same neutrino beam from [[Fermilab]] as the [[MiniBooNE]], MicroBooNE and SBND experiments.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/april-2015/italian-neutrino-experiment-to-move-to-the-us \|title=Italian neutrino experiment to move to the US \|date=22 April 2015 \|first=Kathryn \|last=Jepsen \|journal=Symmetry Magazine \|~~accessdate~~access-date=2015-05-08}}</ref> The ICARUS detector was then broken down for transport and reassembled at Fermilab. In February 2020, scientists at Fermilab began cooling down ICARUS and filling it with 760 tons of liquid argon. Scientists hope to take the first measurements with the refurbished ICARUS later in 2020.<ref name="symmertry">{{cite web\|url=https://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/icarus-prepares-to-chase-a-fourth-neutrino\|title=ICARUS prepares to chase a fourth neutrino\|first=Catherine N.\|last=Steffel\|date=March 2, 2020\|~~accessdate~~access-date=March 3, 2020\|publisher=symmetrymagazine.org}}</ref> The ICARUS program was initiated by [[Carlo Rubbia]] in 1977, who proposed a new type of [[neutrino detector]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|author=Rubbia, C.\|date=16 May 1977\|title=The liquid-Argon time projection chamber: a new concept for neutrino detector \|url=http://cds.cern.ch/record/117852/files/CERN-EP-INT-77-8.pdf \|publisher=CERN \|id=CERN-EP/77-08}}</ref> Line 11: In March 2012, they published a direct neutrino velocity measurement based on seven neutrinos events. The result was in agreement with the speed of light and thus special relativity, and contradicts the OPERA result.<ref name=icarus12 /> In August 2012, another neutrino velocity measurement based on 25 neutrino events was published with increased accuracy and statistics, again in agreement with the speed of light,<ref>{{Cite journal\|author=ICARUS collaboration\|title=Precision measurement of the neutrino velocity with the ICARUS detector in the CNGS beam \|journal=Journal of High Energy Physics\|volume=2012 \|issue=11\|pages=49\|date=2012\|doi=10.1007/JHEP11(2012)049\|arxiv=1208.2629\|bibcode =2012JHEP...11..049A}}</ref> see ''[[measurements of neutrino speed]]''. The ICARUS detector moved to Fermilab in July 2017 for a new neutrino experiment.<ref>{{Cite web\|title = Fermilab {{!}} Newsroom {{!}} Press Releases {{!}} April 22, 2015: ICARUS neutrino experiment to move to Fermilab\|url = http://www.fnal.gov/pub/presspass/press_releases/2015/ICARUS-20150422.html\|website = www.fnal.gov\|~~accessdate~~access-date = 2015-08-11}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web\|title=ICARUS arrives at Fermilab {{!}} News\|url=http://news.fnal.gov/2017/07/icarus-arrives-fermilab/\|website=news.fnal.gov}}</ref> As of February 2020, ICARUS is expected to start operations later in 2020. <ref name="symmertry" />

ICARUS experiment: Difference between revisions