Gold Medal of Military Valor: Difference between revisions

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[[Charles Albert of Sardinia]] revived it on 26 March 1833, and added to it the Silver and Bronze medals. These had, on their faces, the coat of arms of Savoy with laurel branches, the royal crown, and the words "for military valor". On the reverse were two laurel branches enclosing the name of the decorated soldier, and the place and date of the action.
 
With the proclamation of the Republic on 2 June 1946, the coat of arms of the [[House of Savoy]] was replaced with the [[Emblem of Italy|emblem of the Italian Republic]].<ref>Preceding paragraphs translated and adapted from {{cite web |url=http://bibliogo.ccm.it/index.php?page=View.DocDetail&id=742193 |title=ArchivedCCM copy- Consorzio Culturale del Monfalconese :: View.DocDetail |access-date=2011-06-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812103235/http://bibliogo.ccm.it/index.php?page=View.DocDetail&id=742193 |archive-date=2011-08-12 }} which describes the book ''"Le medaglie d'oro al valor militare: volume primo, Roma, [Gruppo Medaglie d'Oro al Valor Militare d'Italia], 1965, 804 p.; 22 cm"''</ref>
 
For actions performed by individuals during [[World War I]], the Gold Medal was awarded some 368 times, as well as 37 times to military units, and once to the Unknown Soldier. Only four of the individual awards went to foreigners, one of these being [[Czar Nicholas II]] of Russia. The other three were for acts of gallantry in which the recipient was killed in action or died from his injuries (the Frenchmen John O'Byrne and Roland Morillot, and the American Coleman deWitt).<ref>The website of the Italian Presidency: List of all recipients can be obtained by going to http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/onorificenze.aspx, going to "onorificenza" (under "Maschera di recerca"), selecting "Medaglia d'oro al valor militare" and pressing "avvia". Also see "Nel 1° Centenario della istituzione della Medaglia al Valor Militare" edizione del 1933 dell' Ufficio storico dell' esercito</ref> The Gold Medal of Military Valor was one of the most parsimoniously awarded medals of World War I, granted less frequently than even the Victoria Cross which was awarded 628 times.<ref>{{Cite book|author= P E Abbott & J M A Tamplin.|title=British Gallantry Awards.|pages=293. Nimrod Dix & Co, London, 1981.}}{{ISBN|0-902633-74-0}}</ref>
 
During [[World War II]] the medal was awarded to soldiers of the Royal Italian Army; after these forces were reorganized following the [[Armistice with Italy]] in 1943, it was awarded to members of the Allies-supporting [[Italian Co-Belligerent Army|Italian Co-Belligerent forces]]. The Axis-affiliated [[Italian Social Republic]] created another design of the medal, with a [[Gladius]] replacing the arms of Savoy, for members of the ''[[Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano]]'' from 1943 to 1945. This version of the award was not given recognition by the postwar Italian government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://users.skynet.be/hendrik/eng/39italy.html |title=ArchivedItaly's copyWW2 Medals |access-date=30 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813001429/http://users.skynet.be/hendrik/eng/39italy.html |archive-date=13 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
 
The Gold Medal for Military Valor is still awarded by the Italian state, and it, along with Silver and Bronze medals for Military Valor as well as the War Cross of Military Valour (which can only be awarded in time of war) was established by the Royal Decree of 4 November 1932, in which the purpose of these medals is defined as, "to distinguish and publicly honor the authors of heroic military acts, even ones performed in time of peace, provided that the exploit is closely connected with the purposes for which the Armed Forces are constituted, whatever may be the condition or quality of the author."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/onorificenze/cennistorici/medagliacrocevm.htm |title=le Onorificenze - Medaglia e Croce di Guerra al Valor Militare |publisher=Quirinale.it |access-date=2012-05-30 |language=it}}</ref>