|
}}
The '''Trịnh lords''' ({{lang-vi|Chúa Trịnh}}; [[Chữ Nôm]]: 主鄭; 1545–1787), formally titled as '''[[Vietnamese nobility|Prince]] of Trịnh''' ({{Lang-vi|Trịnh vương}}; {{Lang-vi-hantu|鄭王}}), also known as the '''House of Trịnh''' or the '''Trịnh clan''' (''Trịnh thị; 鄭氏''), were a noble and feudal clan that ruled [[Đàng Ngoài|Northern Vietnam]] (then called '''[[Tonkin]]'''), during the Later [[Lê dynasty]].
Prince]] of Trịnh''' ({{Lang-vi|Trịnh vương}}; {{Lang-vi-hantu|鄭王}}), also known as the '''House of Trịnh''' or the '''Trịnh clan''' (''Trịnh thị; 鄭氏''), were a noble feudal clan that ruled [[Đàng Ngoài|Northern Vietnam]] (then called '''[[Tonkin]]'''), during the Later [[Lê dynasty]], [[Đại Việt]].
The Trịnh clan and their rivals, the [[Nguyễn lords|Nguyễn clan]], were both referred to by their subjects as "'''Chúa'''" (Lord) and controlled [[Đại Việt]], whilereducing the [[Later Lê dynasty|Later Lê]] emperors were reduced to only titular authority.<ref>Chapuis, Oscar. ''A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tự Đức''. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. p119ff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jskyi00bspcC&q=Vietnam+from+Hong+Bang+to+Tu+Duc&pg=PR10]</ref> The title of “Chúa”, in this context is therefore comparable to thatthe office of the [[Shogun]] title in Japan. The Trịnh lords traced their descent from [[Trịnh Khả]], a friend and advisor to the 15th-century Vietnamese Emperor [[Lê Lợi]].<ref>[[Đại Việt Thông Sử]] Page 5 [[Lê Quý Đôn]] reprint 1978 "Hoàng đế được biết Trịnh Khả và Lê Lôi đã từng đi đón tiếp con voi tự nước Ai Lao về, tất nhiên am hiểu tiếng nói và văn tự nước Ai Lao, bèn sai hai Tướng này mang tờ thông điệp sang bảo Quốc Vương nước Ai Lao rằng: "Quốc gia tôi .."</ref> The Trịnh clan produced 12 lords who dominated the royal court of the [[Later Lê dynasty]] and ruled northern Vietnam for more than two centuries.
==Origins ==
===Rise of the Trịnh family===
After the death of emperor [[Lê Hiến Tông]] in 1504, the [[Later Lê dynasty|Lê dynasty]] began to decline. In 1527, the courtier [[Mạc Đăng Dung]] in a coup against the Lê dynasty seized the throne from emperor [[Lê Cung Hoàng]], and established the [[Mạc dynasty]] ruling the kingdom of Đại Việt. In 1533, the general and Lê royalist [[Nguyễn Kim]] revolted against the [[Mạc dynasty]] in [[Thanh Hóa]] and [[Revival Lê dynasty|restored the Lê dynasty]]. Then he tried to find the Lê dynasty's successor, a son of emperor [[Lê Chiêu Tông]]. TheHe found one such prince, Lê Duy Ninh, wasand enthroned with thehim titleas [[Lê Trang Tông]]. After five years of conflict, most of the southern region of Đại Việt was capturedrecaptured by [[Revival Lê dynasty|the restored Lê dynasty]], but not the capital city, [[Hanoi|Thăng Long]].
[[File:Samuel Baron - The City of CHA-CHO, the Metropolis of TONQUEEN.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A view of Thang Long (Hanoi) from the Red River in 1685]]
|
