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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial air transport: Difference between revisions

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In the final quarter of 2022, the same index was at 105% of the 2019 activity: 84% of passenger numbers with higher fares due to strong demand and constrained capacity, 97% of the fleet size, 92% of the employee number.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/airlines/airline-business-index-shows-global-revenue-surging-above-pre-covid-levels/152453.article |title= Airline Business Index shows global revenue surging above pre-Covid levels |author= Lewis Harper |date= 14 March 2023 |work= FlightGlobal}}</ref>
 
Sun et al. 's study notes that during the pandemic the International Air Transport Association (IATA) recommends a distance of 1-21–2 m between passengers at all times. Therefore, in order to maintain appropriate social distancing, airlines in various countries have responded by adjusting the order and method of boarding. For exmple, Delta Air Lines' boarding and seating rules are for middle seats to be empty and rows to be moved from back to front and United Airlines' rules are from back to front, Business class last. Although airlines have adopted a rear-to-front boarding process, studies have shown that this method of boarding is slow and it does not necessarily reduce social proximity.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sun |first=Xiaoqian |last2=Wandelt |first2=Sebastian |last3=Zheng |first3=Changhong |last4=Zhang |first4=Anming |date=July 2021-07 |title=COVID-19 pandemic and air transportation: Successfully navigating the paper hurricane |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102062 |journal=Journal of Air Transport Management |volume=94 |pages=102062 |doi=10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102062 |issn=0969-6997}}</ref>
 
=== Aerospace manufacturers ===
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[[File:Nearly empty international departures area at PEK amid the COVID-19 pandemic.jpg|thumb|[[Beijing Capital International Airport]], empty]]
[[File:A nearly empty flight from PEK to LAX amid the COVID-19 pandemic 1.jpg|thumb|A nearly empty flight from Beijing to Los Angeles]]
{{ExpandIncomplete list|date=March 2020}}
* '''Argentina''': The government suspended domestic flights in March 2020 during the beginning of the pandemic in the country and imposed restriction of international flights for several months. In June 2021, the government imposed a daily limit of 600 entries per day to prevent the entry of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ya rige el nuevo límite de ingreso a pasajeros internacionales |trans-title=The new entry limit for international passengers is already in force|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/351113-ya-rige-el-nuevo-limite-de-ingreso-a-pasajeros-internacional |access-date=3 July 2021 |work=[[Página 12]] |date=28 June 2021 |language=Spanish}}</ref> On 3 July 2021, domestic flights resumed between some cities in the country.<ref>{{cite news |title=Flybondi reanuda servicios tras las restricciones causadas por la pandemia en Argentina | trans-title=Flybondi resumes services after restrictions caused by the pandemic in Argentina|url=https://es.mercopress.com/2021/07/03/flybondi-reanuda-servicios-tras-las-restricciones-causadas-por-la-pandemia-en-argentina |access-date=3 July 2021 |agency=[[Merco Press]] |date=3 July 2021 |language=Spanish}}</ref>
* '''Canada''': Canadians were advised to avoid non-essential travel on 13 March 2020, while Canadian border was closed except for Canadian citizens and permanent residents on 16 March ([[Canada–United States border]] closed later on 18 March).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Staples |first1=David |title=The road to Canada's COVID-19 outbreak, Pt. 3: timeline of federal government failure at border to slow the virus |url=https://edmontonjournal.com/news/national/the-road-to-canadas-covid-19-outbreak-pt-3-timeline-of-federal-government-failure-at-border-to-slow-the-virus/ |work=Edmonton Journal |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> Essential travel is exempted, and international travellers must enter through [[Calgary International Airport]], [[Vancouver International Airport]], [[Toronto Pearson International Airport]], or [[Montréal–Trudeau International Airport]] with mandatory 14 days' quarantine.<ref>{{cite web |author=Government of Canada |title=Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Canada's response |date=29 October 2020 |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/canadas-reponse.html}}</ref> The border closure has been extended multiple times and remained closed until at least 21 August.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Aiello |first1=Rachel |title=PM Trudeau confirms Canada-U.S. border closure extending to Aug. 21 |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/pm-trudeau-confirms-canada-u-s-border-closure-extending-to-aug-21-1.5027167 |website=CTV News |date=16 July 2020 |publisher=Ottawa News Bureau Online Producer |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> Most transborder flights have been cancelled since late March due to the lack in demand.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karp |first1=Aaron |title=Canadian airlines react to border closure with significant cuts |url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/290367/canadian-airlines-react-to-border-closure-with-significant-cuts/ |website=RoutesOnline |access-date=5 August 2020}}</ref> The prolonged international travel ban resulted in [[Air Canada]]'s loss of C$1.75&nbsp;billion in August and they have since urged for easing in travel restrictions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=MacGregor |first1=Sandra |title=Air Canada Posts Loses Of 1.75 Billion, Urges Easing Of Travel Restrictions |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/sandramacgregor/2020/08/02/air-canada-posts-loses-of-175-billion-urges-easing-of-travel-restrictions/ |access-date=5 August 2020 |work=Forbes |date=2 August 2020}}</ref>
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