Orange, New Jersey: Difference between revisions

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The [[New Jersey Legislature]] originally incorporated Orange as a [[township (New Jersey)|township]] on November 27, 1806, from parts of [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark Township]]. Parts of the township were taken on April 14, 1834, to form the now-defunct [[Clinton Township, Essex County, New Jersey (Historical)|Clinton Township]]. On January 31, 1860, Orange was reincorporated as a [[town (New Jersey)|town]]. Parts of the town were taken to form South Orange Township (April 1, 1861, now known as [[Maplewood, New Jersey|Maplewood]]), [[Fairmount Township, New Jersey|Fairmount]] (March 11, 1862, now part of West Orange), [[East Orange, New Jersey|East Orange Township]] (March 4, 1863) and [[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange Township]] (April 10, 1863). On April 3, 1872, Orange was reincorporated as a city.<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. [https://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf ''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968''], Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. pp. 130–131. Accessed July 6, 2012.</ref> In 1982, the city was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change, of what ultimately were more than a dozen Essex County municipalities to reclassify themselves as townships to take advantage of federal [[revenue sharing]] policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150925103452/http://www.njstatelib.org/slic_files/imported/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/MFMG/MFMGCH6.PDF#page=3 "Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification"], p. 73. [[New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government]], 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.gao.gov/assets/140/137109.pdf#page=54 "Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments"], [[Government Accountability Office]], April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."</ref><ref>Narvaez, Alfonso A. [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/27/nyregion/new-jersey-journal-147786.html "New Jersey Journal"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."</ref><ref>[[Alan Karcher|Karcher, Alan J.]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=o0BmBWloogcC#page=119 ''New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness''], pp. 119–120. [[Rutgers University Press]], 1998. {{ISBN|9780813525662}}. Accessed September 24, 2015.</ref><ref name=History/> The city derives its name from [[William III of England]]<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=24 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''], New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 16, 2015.</ref> or [[William IV, Prince of Orange]].<ref>[[Henry Gannett|Gannett, Henry]]. [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n22 <!-- pg=23 --> ''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States''], p. 23. [[United States Government Printing Office]], 1905. Accessed September 16, 2015.</ref>