Content deleted Content added
m Reverted good faith edits by Deedman22 (talk): Per source 10, which is directly cited by this sentence, using the terms "kamikaze" or "suicide drone" is misleading |
m added sources, rv |
||
Line 36:
}}
The '''HESA Shahed 136''' ({{lang-fa|شاهد ۱۳۶}}, literally "[[Shahada#Terminology and significance|Witness]] 136"), also known by its Russian designation '''Geran-2''' ({{lang-ru|Герань-2}}, literally "[[Geranium]]-2"), is an Iranian-designed [[loitering munition]], also called a kamikaze drone or suicide drone, in the form of an [[Autonomous aircraft|autonomous]] [[Pusher configuration|pusher-prop]] [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]].<ref name="defex" /><ref name="usip-20221017" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=cfr-20221026>{{cite web |url=https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/can-iranian-drones-turn-russias-fortunes-ukraine-war |title=Can Iranian Drones Turn Russia's Fortunes in the Ukraine War? |last=Kahn |first=Lauren |newspaper=Council on Foreign Relations |date=26 October 2022 |access-date=26 November 2023 |quote=The Iranian-produced Shahed-136 (renamed by Russia as the Geran-2) is a loitering munition, although it is sometimes misleadingly referred to in media as a kamikaze or suicide drone.}}</ref> It is designed and manufactured by [[Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company|HESA]] in association with [[Shahed Aviation Industries]].<ref name="manufacturer">{{cite press release |url=https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1104 |title=Treasury Targets Actors Involved in Production and Transfer of Iranian Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Russia for Use in Ukraine |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=November 15, 2022 |website=[[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Department of the Treasury]] |access-date=13 September 2023 |quote=Shahed Aviation Industries Research Center (SAIRC), subordinate to the IRGC ASF, has designed and manufactured several Shahed-series UAV variants, including the Shahed-136 one-way attack UAV ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Ukrainian experts identify Iranian producer of Shahed drones |url= https://www.ukrinform.net/amp/rubric-ato/3798050-ukrainian-experts-identify-iranian-producer-of-shahed-drones.html|location= Kyiv|publisher=[[Ukrinform]] |agency= |date= 10 December 2023|access-date=2024-01-11|quote=The Shahed-131\136 type one-way attack drones, which Russia has been using to attack Ukraine since September 2022, are produced by the Iranian state-run Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company}}</ref>{{Better source needed|date=May 2023|reason=Other sources say they are manufactured by HESA - and 'HESA' is in the article name.}}
The munition is designed to attack ground targets from a distance. The drone is typically fired in multiples from a launch rack. The first public footage of the drone was released in December 2021.<ref name="Newdick">{{Cite web |last=Newdick |first=Thomas |date=2022-10-17 |title=Russia Bombards Ukraine With Iranian 'Kamikaze Drones' |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/russia-bombards-ukraine-with-iranian-kamikaze-drones |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=The Drive |language=en}}</ref> Russia has made much use of the Geran-2 in its [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|invasion of Ukraine]], especially in [[Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)|strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure]].
Line 185:
===Shahed 238===
{{Main|Shahed 238}}
In September 2023, a trailer for an Iranian state TV documentary on Iranian drone development revealed the existence of a Shahed 136 version powered by a [[turbojet]] engine. Jet propulsion would give the one-way attack UAV greater speed and altitude, making it more difficult to intercept compared to the propeller-driven version, a large percentage of which have been able to be shot down in Ukraine by anti-aircraft cannons and even small arms. It also has a nose-mounted camera which could improve navigation or enable terminal guidance. A jet version would be more expensive and complex to manufacture, have reduced range, and have a larger thermal signature making it vulnerable to infrared-guided missiles.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=3 October 2023|title=IRGC documentary shows jet-powered Shahed-136 UAV variant|url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/irgc-documentary-shows-jet-powered-shahed-136-uav-variant|access-date=|website=[[Janes Information Services]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005094825/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/irgc-documentary-shows-jet-powered-shahed-136-uav-variant|archive-date=5 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidhambling/2023/09/27/iran-unveils-jet-powered-version-of-shahed-kamikaze-drone/?sh=4d6db98d5bdc Iran Unveils Jet-Powered Version Of Shahed Kamikaze Drone]. ''[[Forbes]]''. 27 September 2023.</ref> The jet-powered strike drone was publicly unveiled on 20 November 2023 as the '''Shahed 238'''.<ref>[https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_november_2023_global_security_army_industry/iran_officially_unveils_new_jet-powered_shahed-238_drone.html Iran officially unveils new jet-powered Shahed-238 drone]. ''Army Recognition''. 22 November 2023.</ref>
== Operators ==
| |||