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By the 1930s, the smoke and sky-glow of the city had made it impossible to conduct useful observations in Rome.<ref name="nytimes" /> [[Pope Pius XI]] relocated the Observatory to Castel Gandolfo, which is {{convert|25|km|mi}} southeast of Rome. By 1961, the same problems with [[light pollution]] made observing difficult at Castel Gandolfo. The Observatory then established the '''Vatican Observatory Research Group''', with offices at the [[Steward Observatory]] of the [[University of Arizona]] in [[Tucson]], [[Arizona]].<ref name="nytimes" />
D.K.J. O'Connell produced the first color photographs of a [[green flash]] at sunset in 1960.<ref name="lits">{{cite book |title=Lights in the Sky: Identifying and Understanding Astronomical and Meteorological Phenomena |last=Maunder |first=Michael |year=2007 |publisher=Springer |isbn=1846287618 |page=72 |url=
The Observatory's headquarters remain in Italy at Castel Gandolfo. In early 2008, the Vatican announced that the Observatory would be relocated to a former convent a mile away from the castle as part of a general reconstruction of the Papal residence. Its former space would be used to provide more room for the reception of diplomatic visitors. There was some commentary that the Observatory was being shut down or cut back, but in fact the Observatory staff welcomed the move.{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}} The old quarters in the castle were cramped and very poorly laid out for the Observatory's use. VORG research activities in Arizona continued unaffected.
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{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Astronomical observatories in Italy]]
[[Category:Holy See]]
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