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[[File:1950 Nash Airflyte Ambassador Super (9351560739).jpg|thumb|right|Fender enclosing the front wheels on a [[Nash Ambassador]] ]]
Early automobile fenders set over the wheels to prevent mud, sand and dust being thrown on to the body and the occupants.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4rJXAAAAYAAJ&q=automobile+fenders |pages=6–12 |title=The Vehicle Year Book |publisher=Ware Bros. |year=1921 |chapter=The Evolution and Design of Automobile Fenders |first= Kingston |last=Forbes |access-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> Fenders typically became a more integral part of overall auto bodies by the mid-1930s.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OtKWmLLiuTgC
In current US auto industry nomenclature, usually only the panels over the front wheels are called fenders. The auto industry changed from rear fenders bolted onto a quarter panel to an enlarged welded-on quarter panel that fulfilled both functions. This resulted in one piece where there had previously been two, and name of the larger welded piece, the quarter panel, survived the consolidation. Quarter panels are at the rear, with an exception made for dual rear wheel trucks, where the panel at the rear is called a fender. For vehicles with a narrow car body that exposes the tire, the fender is an exposed curve over the top of the tire. For wide body vehicles that cover the tire, the fender forms the '''wheel well''' surrounding the tire, and is not directly visible from above the car body.
The fender's openings for the wheel wells tend to be much larger than the diameter of the tire, because they do not move with the tire suspension and consequently must be large enough to allow the full range of tire motion on the suspension without touching the interior of the wheel well. The streamlined 1949 [[Nash 600]] and [[Nash Ambassador|Ambassador]] design was first to feature fenders that enclosed the front wheels.<ref>{{cite journal|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=89gDAAAAMBAJ
The bolted panel which covers the wheel on dual rear wheel pickup trucks is called a fender. A pickup truck with a separate bed but without bolt-on fenders has a bedside, which performs the function of a fender. When the side of the bed is welded to the cab, as with the Cadillac Escalade and Chevrolet Avalanche, it is called a quarter panel.
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An aftermarket accessory on pickup trucks are fender flares, which block mud and stones and/or cover rust. They are sometimes used by manufacturers on models that have wider tires than basic models. Using this method, the manufacturer can provide the needed tire coverage without producing a different fender, bed side, or quarter panel for what may be a low-production model.
Fender flares are used on SUVs, pickup trucks, off-road vehicles, and sport cars. They either come with a vehicle as a standard equipment or are added afterwards as an aftermarket accessory. Fender flares are often made of fiberglass or ABS plastic to ensure flexibility and light weight; however, some trucks and SUVs come with metal fender flares to ensure better durability. There are three common styles of fender flares: OE style (narrow flares with smooth surface), bolt-on (wider fender flares with exposed bolts) and Cut-Out (oversized flares that require a fender trim). The most important characteristic of a fender flare is the width as it shows the tire coverage. Common fender flares are
===Cycle wing===
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