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[[file:PNCabodeHornos.JPG|thumb|250px|Magellanic moorland at [[Hermite Islands|Herschel Island]], [[Cabo de Hornos National Park]].]]
The '''Magellanic moorland''' or '''Magellanic tundra''' ({{lang-es|Tundra Magallánica}}) is an [[ecoregion]] on the [[Patagonia]]n archipelagos south of latitude 48° S. It is characterized by high rainfall with a vegetation of [[Shrubland|scrubs]], bogs and patches of forest in more protected areas. [[Cushion plant]]s, grass-like plants and [[bryophyte]]s are common.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Magellanic subpolar forests|id=nt0402}}</ref>
At present there are outliers of Magellanic moorland as far north as in the highlands of [[Cordillera del Piuchén]] (latitude 42° 22' S) in [[Chiloé Island]].<ref name=Caro88>{{cite journal |last1=Villagrán |first1=Carolina |author-link=Carolina Villagrán |date=1988 |title=Expansion of Magellanic Moorland during the Late Pleistocene: Palynological Evidence from Northern isla de Chiloé, Chile|journal=[[Quaternary Research]] |volume=30 |issue= 3|pages=304–314 |doi= 10.1016/0033-5894(88)90006-3}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ramírez |first1=Carlos |last2=San Martin |first2=Cristina|last3=Vidal |first3=Osvaldo|last4=Pérez |first4=Yéssica|last5=Valenzuela |first5=Jorge |last6=Solís |first6=José-Luís|last7=Toledo |first7=Gisela |date=2014 |title=Tundra Subantártica en la Isla Grande de Chiloé, Chile: Flora y vegetación turbosa de campañas|trans-title=Subantarctic Tundra in Chiloé Island, Chile: Flora and vegetation of "Campañas" peat bogs |journal=[[Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia]] |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages= 17–37|doi=10.4067/S0718-686X2014000200002 |language=es |doi-access=free }}</ref> During the [[Llanquihue glaciation]] Magellanic moorland extended to the non-glaciated lowlands of Chiloé Island<ref name=Caro88/> and further north to the lowlands of [[Zona Sur|Chilean lake district]] (latitude 41° S).<ref name=Morenoetal2015>{{cite journal |last=Moreno |first=Patricio I. |last2=Denton |first2=Geoge H.|last3=Moreno |first3=Hugo |last4=Lowell|first4=Thomas V.|last5=Putnam |first5=Aaron E. |last6=Kaplan |first6=Michael R. |date=2015 |title=Radiocarbon chronology of the last glacial maximum and its termination in northwestern Patagonia|author-link2=George H. Denton |journal=[[Quaternary Science Reviews]] |volume=122 |pages=233–249 |doi= 10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.05.027|hdl=10533/148448 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
The classification of Magellanic moorland has proven problematic as substrate, low temperatures and exposure to the ocean influences the development of the Magallanic moorland. It thus may qualify either as [[tundra|polar tundra]] or [[heathland]].<ref name=longton>{{cite book |last=Longton |first=R.E. |date=1988 |title=Biology of Polar Bryophytes and Lichen |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=20 |isbn=0-521-25015-3 |series=Studies in Polar Research }}</ref>
==Flora and plant communities==
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###Montane nanophaneritic tundra<ref name=Pisano244>[[#Pisano1977|Pisano (1977)]], p. 244</ref>
Where forests occur they are made up of the following trees ''[[Nothofagus betuloides]]'' (coigüe de Magallanes), ''[[Drimys winteri]]'' (canelo), ''[[Raukaua laetevirens|Pseudopanax laetevirens]]'' (sauco del diablo), ''[[Embothrium coccineum]]'' (notro), ''[[Maytenus magellanica]]'' (maitén), ''[[Pilgerodendron uviferum]]'' (ciprés de las Guaitecas) and ''[[Metrosideros stipularis|Tepualia stipularis]]'' (tepú).<ref name=Heusser2004>{{cite book |last=Heusser |first=C.J. |date=2004 |title=Ice Age Southern Andes |publisher=Elsevier |pages=56–59|series=Developments in Quaternary Science }}</ref>
==Soils and climate==
[[Soil]]s are usually rich in turf and organic matter and poor in bases. Often they are also water-saturated.<ref name=Pisano128>[[#Pisano1977|Pisano (1977)]], p. 128</ref> [[Granite|Granitoids]], [[schist]]s and ancient [[volcanic rock]]s make up the basement on which soils develop.<ref name=Pisano129>[[#Pisano1977|Pisano (1977)]], p. 129</ref> Any previously existing [[regolith]] has been eroded by the [[Quaternary glaciation]]s.<ref name=Pisano129/> It is not rare for bare rock surfaces to be exposed in the interior of islands.<ref name=Pisano145>[[#Pisano1977|Pisano (1977)]], p. 145</ref>
The climate where Magellanic moorland grows can be defined as [[oceanic climate|oceanic]], [[snow]]y and [[isothermal]]<ref name=Pisano145/><ref name=Pisano144/> with cool and windy summers.<ref>{{cite book |last=Arroyo |first=M.T.K.|author-link=Mary Kalin Arroyo|last2=Pliscoff |first2=P.|last3=Mihoc |first3=R.|last4=Arroyo-Kalin |first4=M. |date=2005|chapter=The Magellanic moorland |title=The World's Largest Wetlands: Ecology and Conservation|editor-last=Fraser|editor-first=Lauchlan H.|editor-last2=Keddy|editor-first2=Paul A. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |
==References==
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;Bibliography
*{{cite book |last=Pisano Valdés |first=E.|author-link=Edmundo Pisano |date=1977|chapter=Fitogeografía de Fuego-Patagonia chilena. I.-Comunidades vegetales entre las latitudes 52 y 56º S|location=[[Punta Arenas]] |title=Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia|volume=VIII |ref=Pisano1977|language=es}}
[[Category:Shrublands]]
[[Category:Ecology of Patagonia]]
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