Genetically modified rice: Difference between revisions

BT rice is modified to express the cryIA(b) [[gene]] of the ''[[Bacillus thuringiensis]]'' [[bacterium]].<ref name=bt1>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fujimoto | first1 = H. | last2 = Itoh | first2 = K. | last3 = Yamamoto | first3 = M. | last4 = Kyozuka | first4 = J. | last5 = Shimamoto | first5 = K. | title = Insect Resistant Rice Generated by Introduction of a Modified δ-endotoxin Gene of Bacillus thuringiensis | doi = 10.1038/nbt1093-1151 | journal = Bio/Technology | volume = 11 | issue = 10 | pages = 1151–1155 | year = 1993 | pmid = 7764096| s2cid = 21129991 }}</ref> The [[gene]] confers resistance to a variety of pests including the rice borer through the production of [[endotoxins]]. The Chinese Government is doing field trials on insect resistant [[cultivars]]. The benefit of BT rice is that farmers do not need to spray their crops with pesticides to control fungal, viral, or bacterial [[pathogens]]. Conventional rice is sprayed three to four times per growing season to control pests.<ref name="GMO">{{cite web|url=http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/24.genetically_modified_rice.html|title=GMO Compass: Rice|access-date=5 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309110121/http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/24.genetically_modified_rice.html|archive-date=9 March 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other benefits include increased yield and revenue from crop cultivation. [[China]] approved the rice for large-scale use as of 2009.<ref name="bt2">{{cite web|url = http://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/article/default.asp?ID=5112|title = China approves biotech rice and maize in landmark decision|last = James|first = C.}}</ref> [[pesticide resistance management|Resistance management]] is needed in [[southeast Asia]] to prevent loss of efficacy of Bt in rice.<ref name="Cohen-et-al-1998">{{cite conference | authors=Cohen MB, Romena AM, Aguda, RM, Dirie A, Gould FL | publication-date=1998 | title=Evaluation of resistance management strategies for Bt rice | conference=Pacific Rim Conference on the Biotechnology of ''Bacillus thuringiensis'' and its Impact on the Environment, [[Chiang Mai]], [[Thailand]] | edition=2nd | date=4–8 November 1996 | pages=496–505 | location=[[Bangkok]] | publisher=[[Entomological and Zoological Association of Thailand]], [[Kasetsart University]], [[Mahidol University]], [[National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]], [[National Research Council of Thailand]], [[Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives (Thailand)|Department of Agriculture of Thailand]] | pages=631}}</ref><ref name="Matteson-2000">{{cite journal | last=Matteson | first=P. C. | title=Insect Pest Management in Tropical Asian Irrigated Rice | journal=[[Annual Review of Entomology]] | publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] | volume=45 | issue=1 | year=2000 | issn=0066-4170 | doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.549 | pages=549–574}}</ref>