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6 – anal plate,
7 – tentacle,
a –
b – stemmata (ocelli),
c – antenna,
d – mandible,
e – labrum
f – frontal triangle.]]
Caterpillars, are "characteristic [[Wiktionary:polypod|polypod]] larvae with cylindrical bodies, short thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs (pseudopods)".<ref name="Gullan_Cranston_2010">{{cite book |author1=P. J. Gullan |author2=P. S. Cranston |year=2010 |title=The Insects: an Outline of Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/insectsoutlineen00pjgu |url-access=limited |edition=4th |isbn=978-1-4443-3036-6 |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] |chapter=Life-history patterns and phases |pages=[https://archive.org/details/insectsoutlineen00pjgu/page/n180 156]–164}}</ref> They have a toughened ([[sclerite|sclerotised]]) head capsule, mandibles (mouthparts) for chewing, and a soft tubular, segmented body, that may have hair-like or other projections, three pairs of true legs, and additional [[proleg]]s (up to five pairs).<ref name="Dugdale"/> The body consists of thirteen segments, of which three are thoracic (T1, T2, and T3) and ten are abdominal (A1 to A10).<ref name="Triplehorn & Johnson (2005)"/>
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