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Ketogenesis can be ineffective in people with beta oxidation defects.<ref name=Fukao/>
Individuals with diabetes mellitus can experience overproduction of ketone bodies due to a lack of insulin. Without insulin to help extract glucose from the blood, tissues the levels of malonyl-CoA are reduced, and it becomes easier for fatty acids to be transported into mitochondria, causing the accumulation of excess acetyl-CoA. The accumulation of acetyl-CoA in turn produces excess ketone bodies through ketogenesis.<ref name=":1" /> The result is a rate of ketone production higher than the rate of ketone disposal, and a decrease in blood pH.<ref name=":2" /> In extreme cases the resulting acetone can be detected in the patient's breath as a faint, sweet
There are some health benefits to ketone bodies and ketogenesis as well. It has been suggested that a low-carb, high fat [[ketogenic diet]] can be used to help treat epilepsy in children.<ref name="pmid27983603" /> Additionally, ketone bodies can be anti-inflammatory.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dupuis|first1=Nina|last2=Curatolo|first2=Niccolo|last3=Benoist|first3=Jean-François|last4=Auvin|first4=Stéphane|date=2015|title=Ketogenic diet exhibits anti-inflammatory properties|journal=Epilepsia|language=en|volume=56|issue=7|pages=e95–e98|doi=10.1111/epi.13038|pmid=26011473|issn=1528-1167|doi-access=free}}</ref> Some kinds of cancer cells are unable to use ketone bodies, as they do not have the necessary enzymes to engage in ketolysis. It has been proposed that actively engaging in behaviors that promote ketogenesis could help manage the effects of some cancers.<ref name="pmid27983603" />
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