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The Church has had a long-standing interest in astronomy, due to the astronomical basis of the calendar by which holy days and [[Easter]] are determined. For instance, the [[Gregorian Calendar]], promulgated in 1582 by Pope [[Gregory XIII]], was developed by [[Aloysius Lilius]] and later modified by [[Christoph Clavius]] at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University|Collegio Romano]] from astronomical data. The [[Gregorian Tower]] was completed in 1580 for his purpose, designed by Bolognese architect [[Ottaviano Nonni]].
In the 18th century, the Papacy actively supported astronomy, establishing the Observatory of the Roman College in 1774. In
Father [[Angelo Secchi]] SJ relocated the College Observatory to the top of [[Sant'Ignazio|Sant'Ignazio di Loyola a Campo Marzio]] (Church of St. Ignatius in [[Rome]]). In 1870, with the [[Risorgimento|capture of Rome]], the College Observatory fell into the hands of the Italian Government. Out of respect for his work, however, Father Secchi was permitted to continue using the Observatory. After Secchi's death in 1878 the Observatory was nationalized by the Italian government and renamed the ''Regio Osservatorio al Collegio Romano'' ("Royal Observatory at the Roman College"), ending astronomical research in the Vatican.
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