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!Material
!Typical values for <br>[https://www.calculator1.net/physics/shear-modulus-calculator shear modulus] (GPa)<br> <small>(at room temperature)</small>
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|[[Diamond]]<ref name=McSkimin>{{cite journal|last=McSkimin|first=H.J.|author2=Andreatch, P.
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* the [[Poisson's ratio]] ''ν'' describes the response in the directions orthogonal to this uniaxial stress (the wire getting thinner and the column thicker),
* the [[bulk modulus]] ''K'' describes the material's response to (uniform) [[pressure#Fluid pressure|hydrostatic pressure]] (like the pressure at the bottom of the ocean or a deep swimming pool),
* the '''[https://www.calculator1.net/physics/shear-modulus-calculator shear modulus]''' ''G'' describes the material's response to shear stress (like cutting it with dull scissors).
These moduli are not independent, and for [[Isotropy#Materials science|isotropic]] materials they are connected via the equations<ref>[Landau LD, Lifshitz EM. ''Theory of Elasticity'', vol. 7. Course of Theoretical Physics. (2nd Ed) Pergamon: Oxford 1970 p13]</ref>
:<math> E = 2G(1+\nu) = 3K(1-2\nu)</math>
The [https://www.calculator1.net/physics/shear-modulus-calculator shear modulus] is concerned with the deformation of a solid when it experiences a force parallel to one of its surfaces while its opposite face experiences an opposing force (such as friction). In the case of an object shaped like a rectangular prism, it will deform into a [[parallelepiped]]. [[Anisotropic]] materials such as [[wood]], [[paper]] and also essentially all single crystals exhibit differing material response to stress or strain when tested in different directions. In this case, one may need to use the full [[Hooke's law#Tensor expression of Hooke.27s law|tensor-expression]] of the elastic constants, rather than a single scalar value.
One possible definition of a [[fluid]] would be a material with zero [https://www.calculator1.net/physics/shear-modulus-calculator shear modulus].
==Shear waves==
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