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There is little data available to support claims of a real sex difference. Most studies that do show any sex differences tend to find that the differences are small and inconsistent.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dean|first=Jeremy|title=Are men or women better at multitasking?|url=http://www.spring.org.uk/2013/04/are-men-or-women-better-at-multitasking.php|publisher=PsyBlog: understand your mind|date=April 2013}}</ref>
A recent{{When|date=August 2022}} study showed that there are not significant sex differences in multi-tasking across numerous tasks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women Are Not Better at Multitasking. They Just Do More Work, Studies Show |date=August 15, 2019 |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/women-aren-t-better-multitaskers-than-men-they-re-just-doing-more-work/amp}}</ref>
Or in 2018, a study in Norway tested everyday scenarios via videogames and found that "none of the multitasking measures (accuracy, total time, total distance covered by the avatar, a prospective memory score, and a distractor management score) showed any sex differences."<ref>{{cite journal|title=No sex difference in an everyday multitasking paradigm|doi=10.1007/s00426-018-1045-0|pmid=29968088|pmc=6433799|year=2018|journal=Psychological Research|volume=83|issue=2|pages=286–296|author1=Marco Hirnstein|author2=Frank Larøi|author3=Julien Laloyaux}}</ref>
Controversial discussion continues as the lack of data available to support the popular belief does not prove it to be wrong.
There have been attempts to produce evolutionary explanations for the popular belief.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hirsch|first1=Patricia|last2=Koch|first2=Iring|last3=Karbach|first3=Julia|date=2019-08-14|editor-last=Gilbert|editor-first=Sam|title=Putting a stereotype to the test: The case of gender differences in multitasking costs in task-switching and dual-task situations|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=14|issue=8|pages=e0220150|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0220150|issn=1932-6203|pmc=6693743|pmid=31412048|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1420150H|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Szameitat|first1=André J.|last2=Hamaida|first2=Yasmin|last3=Tulley|first3=Rebecca S.|last4=Saylik|first4=Rahmi|last5=Otermans|first5=Pauldy C. J.|date=2015-10-19|editor-last=Pavlova|editor-first=Marina A.|title="Women Are Better Than Men"–Public Beliefs on Gender Differences and Other Aspects in Multitasking|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=10|issue=10|pages=e0140371|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0140371|pmid=26479359|pmc=4610696|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1040371S|issn=1932-6203|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mealey|first=Linda|date=August 1994|title=The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture. Jerome Barkow, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby (eds.). New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. US$55.00. {{text|ISBN}} 0-19-50623-7. Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA.|journal=Politics and the Life Sciences|volume=13|issue=2|pages=294–295|doi=10.1017/s0730938400018700|s2cid=151962878 |issn=0730-9384}}</ref>
One theory that proposes an explanation for why there may be gender differences in multitasking is the hunter-gatherer theory proposed by Silverman and Eals in accordance with a multitasking experiment they conducted in 1992. Their hypothesis says that natural selection favored hunting-related skills and resulted in a difference in task performance for genders. (i.e., their theory states that men and women's cognitive abilities evolved differently based on the hunter-gatherer tasks they performed in the past.)
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