Ebolavirus: Difference between revisions

;[[Ebola virus|Zaire ebolavirus]] (ZEBOV) : Also known simply as the ''Zaire virus'', ZEBOV has the highest case-fatality rate, up to 90% in some epidemics, with an average case fatality rate of approximately 83% over 27 years. There have been more outbreaks of ''Zaire ebolavirus'' than of any other species. The [[Ebola virus disease#1976|first outbreak]] took place on 26 August 1976 in [[Yambuku]].<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Isaacson, M |author2=Sureau, P |author3=Courteille, G |author4=Pattyn, SR |title = Clinical Aspects of Ebola Virus Disease at the Ngaliema Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire, 1976|url = http://www.enivd.de/EBOLA/ebola-12.htm|access-date = 2016-01-02|journal = Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever: Proceedings of an International Colloquium on Ebola Virus Infection and Other Haemorrhagic Fevers Held in Antwerp, Belgium, 6–8 December 1977}}</ref> Mabalo Lokela, a 44‑year-old schoolteacher, became the first recorded case. The symptoms resembled [[malaria]], and subsequent patients received [[quinine]]. Transmission has been attributed to reuse of unsterilized needles and close personal contact. The virus is responsible for the [[2014 West Africa Ebola virus outbreak]], the deadliest ''Filovirus'' outbreak to date.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebola virus disease|url=https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/ebola|access-date=2021-12-08|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-28|title=2014-2016 Ebola Outbreak Distribution in West Africa Error processing SSI file|url=https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/distribution-map.html|access-date=2021-12-08|website=www.cdc.gov|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jacob|first1=Shevin T.|last2=Crozier|first2=Ian|last3=Fischer|first3=William A.|last4=Hewlett|first4=Angela|last5=Kraft|first5=Colleen S.|last6=Vega|first6=Marc-Antoine de La|last7=Soka|first7=Moses J.|last8=Wahl|first8=Victoria|last9=Griffiths|first9=Anthony|last10=Bollinger|first10=Laura|last11=Kuhn|first11=Jens H.|date=2020-02-20|title=Ebola virus disease|journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers|language=en|volume=6|issue=1|page=13|doi=10.1038/s41572-020-0147-3|pmid=32080199|pmc=7223853|issn=2056-676X}}</ref>

 

 

; Reston ebolavirus (RESTV) : This virus was discovered during an outbreak of [[simian hemorrhagic fever virus]] (SHFV) in [[crab-eating macaques]] from [[Covance|Hazleton Laboratories]] (now Covance) in 1989. Since the initial outbreak in [[Reston, Virginia]], it has since been found in nonhuman primates in Pennsylvania, Texas, and [[Siena]], [[Italy]]. In each case, the affected animals had been imported from a facility in the Philippines,<ref name="KnownCasesCDC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/ebola/ebolatable.htm|title=Known Cases and Outbreaks of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever|access-date=2008-08-02|author=Special Pathogens Branch CDC|date=2008-01-14|publisher=Center for Disease Control and Prevention|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829175928/http://cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/ebola/ebolatable.htm|archive-date=2008-08-29}}</ref> where the virus has also infected pigs.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/24/health/24ebola.html|title=Pig-to-Human Ebola Case Suspected in Philippines|access-date=2009-01-26|date=2009-01-24|newspaper=New York Times | first=Donald G. | last=McNeil Jr}}</ref> Despite its status as a [[Biosafety level#Biosafety level 4|Level‑4]] organism and its apparent [[pathogen]]icity in monkeys, RESTV did not cause disease in exposed human laboratory workers.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch S, Horvitz LA |year=1999 |title=Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC |publisher=Barnes & Nobles Books |page=300 |isbn=9780760712115}}</ref>