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====Gaming culture and online harassment====
{{See also|Cyberbullying#In gaming|Sexism in video gaming}}
A further issue that can occur through gaming is online harassment or bullying behaviors. Esports communities seem to be particularly suffering from toxic behaviors. Especially in competitive esports games, negative behavior, such as harassment, can create barriers to players achieving high performance and can reduce players' enjoyment which may cause them to leave the game<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adinolf |first1=Sonam |last2=Turkay |first2=Selen |title=Toxic Behaviors in Esports Games: Player Perceptions and Coping Strategies |journal=Proceedings of the 2018 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play Companion Extended Abstracts |date=23 October 2018 |pages=365–372 |doi=https://doi.org/10.1145/3270316.3271545}}</ref>. With its largely young, male-dominated population, gamers may exhibit habits and behaviors sometimes seen by outside groups as toxic and misogynistic, leading to harassment of other players.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/7/25/17593516/video-game-culture-toxic-men-explained |title=Gaming's toxic men, explained |first=Colin |last=Campbell |date=25 July 2018 |access-date=24 August 2019 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719123151/https://www.polygon.com/2018/7/25/17593516/video-game-culture-toxic-men-explained |url-status=live }}</ref> A specific example of harassing behavior occurring within a game can be found in [[Xbox Live]] services. With its online chat and party system, this leaves the service open to unwanted harassment, trolling, or bullying to occur between players. To address these concerns, Microsoft made improvements with reputation levels for a player's Xbox Live account. The system is set to warn, then punish bad behavior in hopes of better regulating Xbox Live accounts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.technobuffalo.com/2014/03/28/xbox-live-to-warn-then-punish-bad-behavior/ |title=Xbox Live to Warn, then Punish Bad Behavior |publisher=TechnoBuffalo |date=2014-03-28 |access-date=2015-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218235733/http://www.technobuffalo.com/2014/03/28/xbox-live-to-warn-then-punish-bad-behavior/ |archive-date=2015-02-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The anonymous nature of the internet may be a factor of encouraging anti-social behavior. This type of behavior expands to other parts of the internet separate from gaming, such as online forums, social media sites, etc. Lack of accountability for one's actions on the internet may encourage others to engage in harassing behavior. Without minimal threat of punishment, some may find it easier to carry out negative behavior over online gaming.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csl.mtu.edu/cs6461/www/Reading/Davenport02.pdf |title=Anonymity on the Internet: Why the Price May Be Too High |publisher=Csl.mtu.edu |access-date=18 February 2015 |archive-date=19 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319005249/http://www.csl.mtu.edu/cs6461/www/Reading/Davenport02.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Gamergate controversy]] that started in 2014 drew media attention to the negative portions of the culture of the video game community, highlighting the need to take steps against online harassment.<ref name="nytimes gg">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/15/opinion/what-is-gamergate.html |title=How an Online Mob Created a Playbook for a Culture War |first=Charlie |last=Warzel |date=15 August 2019 |access-date=21 August 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]] |archive-date=20 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820192312/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/15/opinion/what-is-gamergate.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
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