St Magnus the Martyr: Difference between revisions

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'''St Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge''', is a [[Church of England]] [[church (building)|church]] and [[parish]] within the [[City of London]]. The church, which is located in [[Thames Street (London)|Lower Thames Street]] near [[Monument to the Great Fire of London|The Monument]] to the [[Great Fire of London]],<ref>See [http://www.themonument.info/history/st_magnus_the_martyr.asp The Monument] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722000924/http://www.themonument.info/history/st_magnus_the_martyr.asp |date=22 July 2011 }}</ref> is part of the [[Diocese of London]] and under the pastoral care of the [[Bishop of Fulham]].<ref>[http://www.sswsh.com/diocese-detail.php?id=133 Bishop of Fulham]</ref> It is a Grade I [[listed building]].<ref>{{National Heritage List for England |num=1064601 |access-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> The rector uses the title "Cardinal Rector" and, since the abolition of the [[College of Minor Canons#Cardinals|College of Minor Canons]] of St Paul's Cathedral in 2016, is the only cleric in the Church of England to use the title Cardinal.<ref>See http://www.stmagnusmartyr.org.uk/</ref>
 
St Magnus lies on the original alignment of [[London Bridge]] between the City and [[Southwark]]. The ancient parish was united with that of [[St Margaret, New Fish Street]], in 1670 and with that of [[St Michael, Crooked Lane]], in 1831.<ref>''Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England I: Southern England'', Youngs, F.A.: London, 1979 {{ISBN|0-901050-67-9}}</ref> The three united parishes retained separate [[vestry|vestries]] and [[churchwarden]]s.<ref>For example, in 1824 St Magnus the Martyr had a Select Vestry of 32 persons, whilst St Margaret New Fish Street had a General Vestry. ''London Parishes: Containing the Situation, Antiquity, and Re-building of the Churches Within the Bills of Mortality'', Printed by Weed, B. for Jeffery, W.: London, 1824</ref> Parish clerks continue to be appointed for each of the three parishes.<ref>''The ancient office of Parish Clerk and the [[Worshipful Company of Parish Clerks|Parish Clerks Company]] of London'', Clark, O.: London, Journal of the Ecclesiastical Law Society Vol. 8, January 2006 {{ISSN|0956-618X}}</ref>
 
St Magnus is the guild church of the [[Worshipful Company of Fishmongers]] and the [[Worshipful Company of Plumbers]], and the ward church of the Ward of [[Bridge and Bridge Without]]. It is also twinned with the [[Church of the Resurrection (Manhattan)|Church of the Resurrection]] in [[New York City]].<ref>See [http://www.resurrectionnyc.org/sister.html Church of the Resurrection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727213232/http://www.resurrectionnyc.org/sister.html |date=27 July 2011 }}</ref>
 
Its prominent location and beauty have prompted many mentions in literature.<ref>"Before the erection of Adelaide House, to approach the City from Southwark was to enjoy as fine a sight as any in London. In the foreground were the ships in the Pool ... while the morning light glinted upon the glorious tower of Wren's church of St Magnus the Martyr, the Customs House and the golden flames of the Monument." 'The Times', 8 November 1927</ref> In ''[[Oliver Twist]]'' [[Charles Dickens]] notes how, as Nancy heads for her secret meeting with Mr Brownlow and Rose Maylie on London Bridge, "the tower of old [[Southwark Cathedral|Saint Saviour's Church]], and the spire of Saint Magnus, so long the giant-warders of the ancient bridge, were visible in the gloom". The church's spiritual and architectural importance is celebrated in the poem ''[[The Waste Land]]'' by [[T. S. Eliot]], who wrote, "the walls of Magnus Martyr hold/Inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold". He added in a footnote that "the interior of St. Magnus Martyr is to my mind one of the finest among Wren's interiors".<ref>Where fishmen lounge at noon: where the walls<br />Of Magnus Martyr hold<br />Inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold.<br />''The Waste Land and other poems'', lines 263 to 265, Eliot, T.S.: Faber & Faber, London, 1940. For commentaries, see chapter 2 of ''Anglo-Catholic in Religion – T.S. Eliot and Christianity'' by Barry Spurr, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-7188-3073-1}} and ''Liturgical Influences of Anglo-Catholicism on The Waste Land and Other Works by [[T. S. Eliot]]'' by A. Lee Fjordbotten, 1999 at [http://anglicanhistory.org/academic/fjordbotten1999 Liturgical Influences]. Spurr notes that St Magnus "was one of the leading shrines of the Anglo-Catholic movement and it is very notable that Eliot should not only refer to it, but, in the midst of a poem of almost unrelieved negativity, present it so positively (if somewhat uncomprehendingly) in terms of the exquisite beauty of its interior: its ‘Inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold’ (the liturgical colours, we should note, of Eastertide and resurrection, a concept otherwise denied repeatedly throughout The Waste Land)".</ref> One biographer of Eliot notes that at first he enjoyed St Magnus aesthetically for its "splendour"; later he appreciated its "utility" when he came there as a sinner.<ref>''Eliot's Early Years'', Gordon, L.: Oxford, 1978 {{ISBN|978-0-19-281252-0}}</ref>
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[[File:St Magnus Kirk, Egilsay - geograph.org.uk - 1302639.jpg|thumb|left|upright|St Magnus Kirk, Egilsay]]
 
The church is dedicated to St [[Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney]], who died on 16 April in or around 1116 (the precise year is unknown).<ref>''The Relics of St Magnus'' at [http://www.orkneyjar.com/history/stmagnus/relics.htm Orkneyjar]. The feast day of St Magnus of Orkney on 16 April was included in the Missale and Breviarium Nidrosiense, ie of [[Nidaros]], and the [[Aberdeen Breviary]] [https://digital.nls.uk/aberdeen-breviary/archive/74626060#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=757&xywh=1156%2C688%2C1025%2C760 Aberdeen Breviary]</ref> He was executed on the island of [[Egilsay]] having been captured during a power struggle with his cousin, a political rival.<ref>''Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney'': Penguin Classics, new ed. 2004 {{ISBN|978-0-14-044383-7}}. The Saga relates how [[Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney|Magnus Erlendsson]], son of [[Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson|Erlend Thorfinnsson]], accompanied King [[Magnus III of Norway|Magnus Barelegs]] of Norway (grandson of [[Harald Hardrada]]) during his Irish Sea Campaign of 1098, but refused to take part in the Battle of Anglesey Sound (or [[Menai Strait]]) against the Norman [[Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester|Earl of Chester]] and [[Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury|Earl of Shrewsbury]] and sang from a psalter in the midst of the fighting. As a consequence he was obliged to go into exile until after the death of King [[Magnus III of Norway|Magnus Barelegs]] in 1103, but was made joint Earl of Orkney with his cousin [[Hakon Paulsson]] by King [[Eystein I of Norway|Eystein Magnusson]]. The Irish Sea Campaign of 1098, which established the King's direct overlordship of the [[Kingdom of Mann and the Isles]] including [[Peel Castle|fortifications on St Patrick's Isle near Peel]], [[Isle of Man]] (see ''The Peel Castle Dig'', Freke, D.: Douglas, 1995 {{ISBN|0-9525134-0-4}}), is also described in ''[[Chronicles of Mann|The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys]]'' (available at [http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/manxsoc/msvol22/p044.htm Chronicle]) and in ''[[Ágrip af Nóregskonungasögum]]'' (available at [http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/agrip.htm Ágrip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229225359/http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/agrip.htm |date=29 December 2010 }}).</ref> Magnus had a reputation for piety and gentleness and was canonised in 1135. [[Rögnvald Kali Kolsson|St Ronald]], the son of Magnus's sister Gunhild Erlendsdotter, became Earl of Orkney in 1136 and in 1137 initiated the construction of [[St Magnus Cathedral]] in [[Kirkwall]].<ref>A Latin hymn celebrating the saint ('Nobilis, humilis, Magne martyr') survives from soon after the construction of the cathedral; see [http://sites.scran.ac.uk/stmagnus/SMC047.htm St Magnus Hymn]. A lost Latin life of the saint, Vita Sancti Magni by Master Robert, thought to be [[Robert of Cricklade]], provided material for two sagas in Old Norse. For a detailed study of the cult see ''St Magnus of Orkney: A Scandinavian Martyr-Cult in Context'', Antonsson, Haki.: Brill, Leiden, 2007 {{ISBN|978-90-04-15580-0}}</ref> The story of St Magnus has been retold in the 20th century in the chamber opera ''[[The Martyrdom of St Magnus]]'' (1976)<ref>See [http://www.boosey.com/pages/opera/moreDetails.asp?musicID=5768 ''The Martyrdom of St Magnus'']</ref> by Sir [[Peter Maxwell Davies]], based on [[George Mackay Brown]]'s novel ''[[Magnus (novel)|Magnus]]'' (1973).
 
[[File:Domkirka statuer 37.jpg|thumb|right|upright|St Magnus of Orkney]]
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The original church pre-dated the canonisation of St Magnus of Orkney by around a century and was also probably constructed before the cult of [[Olaf II of Norway|St Olaf]], which did not become established in London until the 1050s.<ref>''The Cult of S. Olave in the British Isles'', B. Dickens in Saga-Book XII of the Viking Society, 12 (1945) pp 53-80</ref> The dedication of the church to St Magnus (as for the four City churches dedicated to [[Botwulf of Thorney|St Botolph]]) at least partly reflected interest in particular saints' relics during the 11th century. There was a cultus to this earlier St Magnus before the Norman Conquest; several English monastic houses claimed to have relics of the saint<ref>These included Westminster, Peterborough and Salisbury and a relic list of Exeter Cathedral notes: "Hec sunt nomina sanctarum reliquaram que habentur in ecclesia sacte Marie et sancti Petri Exonie ecclesie, quarum maximam partem gloriossimus rex Aedelstanus eiusdem ecclesie primus fundator ibidem contulit.... De reliquiis sancti Magni episcopis et martiris."''Anglo-Saxon Exeter: A Tenth-century Cultural History'', Patrick W. Conner (1993).</ref> [[Edgar the Peaceful|King Edgar]] gave one to [[Westminster Abbey]]<ref>[[John Flete]]’s manuscript history of the Abbey, written in the 1440s, records: “rex Edgarus dedit lapides quibus sanctus Stephanus lapidatus fuit, et quaedam ossa cum sanguine ejusdem ; tibiam unam cum costis et aliis minutis ossibus sanctorum Innocentium ; item duas costas et terram infectam sanguine sancti Laurentii, tres costas sancti Hippolyti, dentes sanctorum Magni et Symphoriani, cum cruce sancti Felicis item reliquias sancti Georgii et Sebastiani cum aliis” [https://archive.org/details/historyofwestmin00flet/page/70/mode/1up?q=magni The history of Westminster Abbey]</ref> and the relic collection of Peterborough Abbey included the hand of St Magnus the Martyr as well as the famous arm of [[Oswald of Northumbria|St Oswald]].<ref>''The Chronicle of Hugh Candidus, a Monk of Peterborough'', ed. W.T. Mellows (1949). This relic may have been collected by Abbot Ælfsige of Peterborough, who accompanied Queen Emma into temporary exile in 1013. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records in that year that "the lady [Queen Emma of Normandy] went afterwards over sea to her brother Richard, accompanied by Elfsy [Ælfsige/Elsinus/Elsige] Abbot of Peterborough. The king sent Bishop Elfun with the ethelings, Edward and Alfred, over sea; that he might instruct them. Then went the king from the fleet, about midwinter, to the Isle of Wight; and there abode for the season; after which he went over sea to Richard, with whom he abode till the time when Sweyne died. Whilst the lady was with her brother beyond sea, Elfsy, Abbot of Peterborough, who was there with her, went to the abbey called Boneval, where St. Florentine's body lay; and there found a miserable place, a miserable abbot, and miserable monks: because they had been plundered. There he bought of the abbot, and of the monks, the body of St. Florentine, all but the head, for 500 pounds; which, on his return home, he offered to Christ and St. Peter.”</ref> The feast of St Magnus the Martyr, celebrated on 19 August, appears in most liturgical calendars from the Gelasian Sacramentary in the eighth century<ref>See propers for "XIV Kal. Septembres in natali sancti Magni" [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b60000317/f215.item.zoom Gelasian Sacramentary]. The [[Old English Martyrology]], compiled in the second half of the 9th century, records that "on the nineteenth day of the month [August] is the feast of the martyr St Magnus, whose mass can be found in the older massbooks" ''The Old English Martyrology: Edition, Translation and Commentary'', ed. Christine Rauer, 2013. It has been suggested - see ''Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian'', ed. Bernhard Bischoff and Michael Lapidge (1994) - that the "older mass books" may refer more to those of Campanian origin, perhaps brought to England by [[Adrian of Canterbury]] that to the Gelasian Sacramentary.</ref> and the missal of [[Robert of Jumièges]] in the 11th century<ref>''The ‘Missal’ of Robert of Jumièges and manuscript illumination at Peterborough c. 1015–1035'', T. A. Heslop in ''Peterborough and the Soke'' (2019). See [https://archive.org/details/missalrobertjum00wilsgoog/page/n283/mode/2up Missal]</ref> to the 16th century.<ref>See the [https://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMINBig.ASP?size=big&IllID=30502 Westminster Psalter (c.1200)], the [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t1kh0kp3z&view=1up&seq=346&q1=310 Sarum Missal], [https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Missale_Ad_Usum_Ecclesie_Westmonasterien/jAMNAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1 Westminster Use], [https://archive.org/details/herefordbreviary01cath/page/n23/mode/2up?q=magni Hereford breviary], [https://archive.org/details/missalofstaugust00cath/page/105/mode/1up?q=magno+martyre+ The missal of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury], [https://archive.org/details/ancientkalendar45oxfouoft/page/52/mode/2up?q=magni University of Oxford], [https://usuarium.elte.hu/calendarlabel/859/view Database for the Study of Latin Liturgical History] and [http://www.cokldb.org/cgi-bin/saint_detail.pl?saint_id=439 Corpus Kalendarium]</ref> The original dedication of the church may therefore, as noted by [[Richard Thomson (antiquarian)|Richard Thomson]] in his ''Chronicles of London Bridge'' of 1827,<ref>"I do not find the Patron Saint of this edifice is at all mentioned by Alban Butler; nor are all writers perfectly agreed as to who he actually was; seeing that there were two saints named Magnus, whose festival day was kept on the 19th of August. One of these was Bishop of Anagnia in Italy, and was martyred in the persecution raised by the Emperors Decius and Valerian, about the middle of the third century after the Birth of Christ. The other St Magnus was the person to whom Newcourt supposed this Church was dedicated, though he erroneously calls his feast August the 18th. He is named, by way of distinction, St Magnus the Martyr of Caesarea, in Cappadocia, because he suffered at that City, under Alexander the Governor, in the time of the Emperor Aurelian, AD 276.... An extended history of these famous men you will find in that wonderful work the ''Acta Sanctorum'', which I have before quoted ... though there is a much longer account of the Swedish St Magnus, the Abbot, whose festival is September the 6th, and whom I pray you never to mistake for the Martyr of London Bridge."</ref> have been to St [[Magnus of Anagni]] (Sancti Magni martiris et episcopi Tranensis),<ref>See: [https://archive.org/details/actasanctorum37unse/page/n738/mode/1up Acta Sanctorum]. The feasts of St [[Magnus of Cuneo]], a soldier of the Theban Legion, and the seventh century bishop St [[Magnus of Avignon]] also fall on 19 August, but the latter was a confessor rather than a martyr and the former does not generally appear in martyrologies. Bede's Martyrology notes for 19 August "XIV. Kal. Natale S. Magni, seu S. Andreæ, cum sociis suis duobus millibus quingentis nonaginta septem. Præfigunt A. T. L. In Alexandria: ast A. et T. sic distinguunt. In Alexandria natale S. Magni et S. Andreæ martyrum. Eodem die natale S. Mariani cum duobus millibus quingentis nonaginta septem. Deinde addunt: Romæ natale S. Magni martyris." [https://oll.libertyfund.org/title/giles-the-complete-works-of-venerable-bede-vol-4-historical-tracts-english-and-latin Bede]. Sabine Baring-Gould's [[The Lives of the Saints (Baring-Gould)|'Lives of the Saints']] concluded that: "It can hardly be doubted that S. Magnus, Bishop and Martyr, has been manufactured by the blunders of martyrologists. [[Andrew Stratelates|S. Andrew the Tribune]] is commemorated in ... Latin [as] "Magnus Martyr". In the early Latin lists, on 19 August, was accordingly inscribed "Andreas Tribunus, Magnus Martyr". This was read as if there were two Saints, Andrew the Tribune, and Magnus the Martyr". [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/The_Lives_of_the_Saints_Volume_9.pdf Lives of the Saints]. See also ''The martiloge in Englysshe after the vse of the chirche of Salisbury and as it is redde in Syon with addicyons'', ed. F. Proctor and E.S. Dewick, printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1526.</ref> a putative third-century bishop who was martyred in the reign of the Emperor [[Decius]] and whose relics were translated from Fondi to Veroli and then to Anangni in the 9th century.<ref>See [https://archive.org/details/actasanctorum37unse/page/n745/mode/1up Translatio], [[Abbey of San Magno, Fondi]], [[Anagni Cathedral]], [[Santi Michele e Magno, Rome]] and [https://www.frisiacoasttrail.com/post/2019/09/23/Magnus-Choice-The-Origins-of-the-Frisian-Freedom Frisian Freedom]. Vatican Codex S. Pietro F.13 includes a Sacramentary and Kalendar used at Anagni Cathedral, with the feast of St Magnus rubricated and the addition of a feast of the ''Inventio corporis sancti Magni'' on 20 April. [https://digi.vatlib.it/view/MSS_Arch.Cap.S.Pietro.F.13 S.Pietro.F.13]</ref> It is possible that the dedication might also have been influenced by [[Cnut the Great#Journey to Rome|Cnut]]'s journey to Rome in 1027 or by the translation to Canterbury in 1023 of the remains of [[Ælfheah of Canterbury|Alphage]], Bishop and Martyr, from St Paul's Cathedral, where a cult had rapidly developed at his tomb.<ref>''The cult of St Thomas in the liturgy and iconography of Christ Church, Canterbury'', M-P Gelin in ''The Cult of St Thomas Becket in the Plantagenet World, C.1170-c.1220'' (2016)</ref>
 
The feast on 19 August was still celebrated in the 16th century. It was included in an Almanack attached to Miles Coverdale's translation of the Bible<ref>''The newe testament both Latine and Englyshe ech correspondent to the other after the vulgare texte, communely called S. Ieroms. Faythfully translated by Myles Couerdale. Anno. M.CCCCC.XXXVIII'' [http://tei.it.ox.ac.uk/tcp/Texts-HTML/free/A16/A16017.html Coverdale] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418064450/http://tei.it.ox.ac.uk/tcp/Texts-HTML/free/A16/A16017.html |date=18 April 2021 }}</ref> and in the Preces Privitae of 1564 (authorised by Elizabeth I for private devotion), but was excluded from the Book of Common Prayer.<ref>"The Book of Common Prayer adopted the Sarum temporal calendar almost in full (keeping all of the feasts of Christ and that of the Purification of the Virgin), but only the barest bones of its sanctoral calendar, namely the Biblical saints. Only a few services for the Biblical saints remained in the Book of Common Prayer". ''`Nothing for the godly to fear': Use of Sarum Influence on the 1549 Book of Common Prayer'', K.A. Krick-Pridgeon, Durham PhD thesis (2018)</ref> It was also omitted from the [[Tridentine Calendar#August|Tridentine Calendar]], falling as it did within the [[Octave (liturgy)#Modern history|Octave of the Assumption]], but has remained in local calendars.<ref>Such as that of the Diocese of Anagni–Alatri</ref> St [[Magnus of Anagni]] also remains in the [[Roman Martyrology|Martyrologium Romanum]].<ref>Latest edition 2001: “Anagniae sancti Magni Episcopi et Martyris qui in perecutione Decii necatus est”.</ref>
 
==History==
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[[File:Plaque at St Magnus-the-Martyr.jpg|thumb|left|Approach to [[Old London Bridge]]]]
 
Between the late [[Anglo-Saxon London|Saxon]] period and 1209 there was a series of wooden bridges across the [[River Thames|Thames]], but in that year a stone bridge was completed.<ref>''Old London Bridge'', Pierce, P., p. 41: London, 2001, {{ISBN|0-7472-3493-0}}</ref> The work was overseen by Peter of [[Colechurch]], a priest and head of the Fraternity of the Brethren of London Bridge. The Church had from early times encouraged the building of bridges and this activity was so important it was perceived to be an act of piety – a commitment to God which should be supported by the giving of alms. London’s citizens made gifts of land and money "to God and the Bridge".<ref>See [http://www.bridgehousegrants.org.uk/CityBridgeTrust/TheTrust/History.htm City Bridge Trust] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429183228/http://www.bridgehousegrants.org.uk/CityBridgeTrust/TheTrust/History.htm |date=29 April 2007 }}</ref> The [[Bridge House Estates]] became part of the City's jurisdiction in 1282.
 
[[File:Murder of Thomas Becket.jpg|thumb|right|Martyrdom of St [[Thomas Becket]] in [[Canterbury Cathedral]]]]
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Shortly before his death in 1711, [[Charles Duncombe (Lord Mayor of the City of London)|Duncombe]] commissioned an [[organ (music)|organ]] for the church, the first to have a [[swell box|swell-box]], by Abraham Jordan (father and son).<ref>''Great Goldsmith: The Life of Sir Charles Duncombe'', Duncombe, P., p. 212-213: Chippendale NSW Australia, 2000, {{ISBN|0-646-37845-7}} and "The Historical Organ in the Church of St Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge", ''The Musical Times'', Vol. 53, No. 831 (1 May 1912), pp. 306–309.</ref> The ''Spectator'' announced that "Whereas Mr Abraham Jordan, senior and junior, have, with their own hands, joinery excepted, made and erected a very large organ in St Magnus' Church, at the foot of London Bridge, consisting of four sets of keys, one of which is adapted to the art of emitting sounds by swelling notes, which never was in any organ before; this instrument will be publicly opened on Sunday next [14 February 1712], the performance by Mr John Robinson. The above-said Abraham Jordan gives notice to all masters and performers, that he will attend every day next week at the said Church, to accommodate all those gentlemen who shall have a curiosity to hear it".<ref>''The Spectator'', 8 February 1712, quoted in ''Chronicles of London Bridge'' by an Antiquary [i.e. Richard Thomson 1794–1865], p. 457-8: Smith, Elder and Co., London, 1827</ref>
 
The organ case, which remains in its original state, is looked upon as one of the finest existing examples of the [[Grinling Gibbons]]{{'s}} school of wood carving.<ref>''Church of S. Magnus the Martyr by London Bridge: The Story of the Organ'', Lightwood, J.T. with additional notes by C.N. W(aterhouse): no date (late 1920s). See photograph at [http://www.nzorgan.com/vandr/Playing_Aids3/PA3-pic-1.jpg Organ case] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927165403/http://www.nzorgan.com/vandr/Playing_Aids3/PA3-pic-1.jpg |date=27 September 2011 }}.</ref> The first organist of St Magnus was [[John Robinson (organist)|John Robinson]] (1682–1762), who served in that role for fifty years (1712–62) and in addition as organist of Westminster Abbey from 1727. Other organists have included Henry Heron (1738–95, organist 1762-95),<ref>See [http://rousseau.shp.media/henry-heron-1738-1795/ 18th century composers]</ref> the blind organist [[George Warne (organist)|George Warne]] (1792–1868, organist 1820–26 until his appointment to the Temple Church), [[James Coward (composer)|James Coward]] (1824–80, organist 1868–80 who was also organist to the Crystal Palace and renowned for his powers of improvisation) and George Frederick Smith FRCO (1856–1918, organist 1880–1918 and Professor of Music at the Guildhall School of Music).<ref>''Church of S. Magnus the Martyr by London Bridge: The Story of the Organ'', Lightwood, J.T. with additional notes by C.N. W(aterhouse): no date (late 1920s). See ''Oxford DNB'' entries for John Robinson by L. M. Middleton, rev. K. D. Reynolds, and for James Coward by J. A. F. Maitland, rev. Nilanjana Banerji. See also the article on John Robinson in ''A biographical dictionary of actors, actresses, musicians, dancers, managers & other stage personnel in London, 1660–1800'', Highfill, Philip H. et al.: Southern Illinois University Press, 2006 {{ISBN|978-0-8093-0919-1}}.</ref> The organ has been restored several times since it was first built: in 1760 by John Sedgewick,<ref>"The City of London Churches: monuments of another age" Quantrill, E; Quantrill, M p66: London; Quartet; 1975</ref> 1782 by Thomas Parker and John Frost, 1804 by George Parsons, 1855 by Gray & Davison, 1861 by T Hill & Son, 1879 by Messrs Brindley & Foster, 1891 by Hill & Son, 1924 and, after wartime damage, 1949 by R. Spurden Rutt & Co, and 1997 by [[William Hill & Son & Norman & Beard Ltd.|Hill, Norman & Beard]]<ref>''Dictionary of Organs and Organists'', Thornsby, Frederick W. (ed.): 1912 (second edition 1921)</ref> Sir [[Peter Maxwell Davies]] was one of several patrons of the organ appeal in the mid-1990s<ref>Organ appeal leaflet 1995</ref> and [[John Scott (organist)|John Scott]] gave an inaugural recital on 20 May 1998 following the completion of that restoration.<ref>Parish Notice dated 19 April 1998</ref> The instrument has an Historic Organ Certificate and full details are recorded in the National Pipe Organ Register.<ref>See [http://www.npor.org.uk/cgi-bin/Rsearch.cgi?Fn=Rsearch&rec_index=N17699 NPOR]. See also ''Two hundredth anniversary of the Organ of St. Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge'' (1911) and ''Organs of St Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge'', Freeman A, in 'The Organ' No. 17 Vol V (July 1925). Papers and photographs relating to research on organs and organ builders by the Revd Andrew Freeman (1876–1947), priest and organ scholar, are now in the collections of the University of Birmingham.</ref>
 
The hymn tune "St Magnus", usually sung at [[Ascension of Jesus|Ascensiontide]] to the text "The head that once was crowned with thorns", was written by [[Jeremiah Clarke]] in 1701 and named for the church.<ref>See [http://www.hymnary.org/tune/st_magnus_clarke?tab=about Hymnary.org] and [http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/St_Magnus Choral Wiki]. [[Sydney Nicholson]] composed ''Missa Sancti Magni, A Simple Communion Service in F'' based on this hymn tune in 1937 and [[Gerre Hancock]] did the same with ''Missa resurrectionis'' in 1976.</ref>
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[[File:Legal Quays 1746.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Environs of St Magnus the Martyr in the mid-18th century]]
 
[[Canaletto]] drew St Magnus and old London Bridge as they appeared in the late 1740s.<ref>See [https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pd/g/giovanni_antonio_canaletto,_lo.aspx Canaletto]</ref> Between 1756 and 1762, under the London Bridge Improvement Act of 1756 (c. 40), the [[City of London Corporation|Corporation of London]] demolished the buildings on [[London Bridge]] to widen the roadway, ease traffic congestion and improve safety for pedestrians.<ref>''The London Bridge Improvement Act of 1756: A Study of early modern urban finance and administration'', Latham, M.: Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester, 2009, available at [https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/8266/1/2009Lathammphd.pdf Leicester University] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172519/https://lra.le.ac.uk/bitstream/2381/8266/1/2009Lathammphd.pdf |date=18 July 2011 }}</ref> The churchwardens’ accounts of St Magnus list many payments to those injured on the Bridge and record that in 1752 a man was crushed to death between two carts.<ref>''Old London Bridge'', Home, G., pp. 264 and 280: London, 1931</ref> In the summer of 1724 the churchwardens had been obliged to spend 1/6 on "Expenses with the churchwardens of Woodford about taking away their pentioner Jane Taverner killed [by a cart] on the Bridge"<ref>Quoted in 'Accidents and response: sudden violent death in the early modern city, 1650–1750', p.43, Spence C.G., Royal Holloway College University of London PhD thesis, 2013</ref>
 
After the House of Commons had resolved upon the alteration of London Bridge, the Rev Robert Gibson<ref>Son of [[Edmund Gibson]], Bishop of London, and Chancellor of St Paul's Cathedral 1761-91</ref> (Rector 1747-91) applied to the House for relief; stating that 48l. 6s. 2d. per annum, part of his salary of 170l. per annum, was assessed upon houses on London Bridge; which he should utterly lose by their removal unless a clause in the bill about to be passed should provide a remedy.<ref>''Londinium redivivum; or an ancient history and modern description of London'', [[James Peller Malcolm|Malcolm, James Peller]], p.389: London, 1803</ref> Accordingly, Sections 18 and 19 of 1756 Act provided that the relevant amounts of tithe and poor rate should be a charge on the Bridge House Estates.<ref>''The Statutes at Large from the 26th to the 30th Year of King George II'', Pickering, Danby: Cambridge, 1766</ref>
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As part of the bridge improvements, overseen by the architect [[Robert Taylor (architect)|Sir Robert Taylor]], a new pedestrian walkway was built along the eastern side of the bridge. With the other buildings gone St Magnus blocked the new walkway.<ref>An engraving of St Magnus by [[Benjamin Cole (instrument maker)|Benjamin Cole]] immediately before the changes to the west end of the church can be found in ''The History and Survey of London from its Foundation to the Present Time'', [[William Maitland (historian)|Maitland, William]]: Osborne, Shipton & Hodges, London, 1756 (originally published in weekly numbers beginning on 29 December 1753, finishing in 1756, this was the great rival to the 1754 edition of Stow’s ''Survey'').</ref> As a consequence it was necessary in 1762 to 1763 to remove the [[vestry]] rooms at the West end of the church and open up the side arches of the tower so that people could pass underneath the tower.<ref>This can be seen in a colour aquatint by William Daniell,
III: The City from London Bridge – Six Views of London, published 1 June 1804; see [http://www.gac.culture.gov.uk/work.aspx?obj=16149 Daniell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008055642/http://www.gac.culture.gov.uk/work.aspx?obj=16149 |date=8 October 2012 }}.</ref> The tower’s lower storey thus became an external porch and two windows were lost from the north facade. Internally a lobby was created at the West end under the organ gallery and a screen with fine octagonal glazing inserted. A new Vestry was built to the south of the church.<ref>''Chronicles of London Bridge by an Antiquary'', p. 545 et seq.: Smith, Elder and Co., London, 1827, which gives the following quotations from the ''Public Advertiser''. Monday 29 September 1760: "The workmen have paved a great part of the foot-path on the lower side of London Bridge and the tower part of St Magnus’ Church has been lately surveyed, in order to make some alteration in the lower part thereof, conducive to the convenience of the passage of the Bridge." Wednesday 4 August 1762: "The North and West Porticos adjoining to the tower of St Magnus’ Church at London Bridge, are taking [sic] down, in order to form a passage to and from that building, through the spacious arch upon which the steeple is built; the South Portico is also down, which fronts the Bridge and makes a very agreeable appearance". Thursday 30 June 1763: "On Saturday last, 25th [June 1763], the foot-passage under the arch of St Magnus’ steeple was opened; which, besides the convenience for foot-passengers, makes a very pretty appearance. A vestry, built of stone, is to be erected in the Church-yard, to front the new Toll-house, just erected at the corner of London Bridge."</ref> The Act<ref>Section 4 of the Act for enlarging and improving the North East Avenue of London Bridge, 1761 (c. 30, 2 George III)</ref> also provided that the land taken from the church for the widening was "to be considered ... as part of the cemetery of the said church ... but if the pavement thereof be broken up on account of the burying of any persons, the same shall be ... made good ... by the churchwardens".<ref>''Wates's Book of London Churchyards: A Guide to the Old Churchyards and Burial-grounds of the City and Central London'', Hackman, H., p. 88: London, 1981, {{ISBN|0-00-216313-6}}</ref>
 
[[File:Flickr - Duncan~ - St Magnus the Martyr.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pathway under the tower showing the entrance to the church]]
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[[File:London bridge.jpg|thumb|right|London Bridge in 2005]]
 
Depictions of St Magnus after the building of the new bridge, seen behind [[Fresh Wharf]] and the new [[London Bridge Wharf]], include paintings by W. Fenoulhet in 1841 and by Charles Ginner in 1913.<ref>There is also a fine view of the church from Lower Thames Street dated 1838 in ''The churches of London'' Vol, II, Godwin, G, and Britton, J.: London, 1838 – see [https://books.google.com/books?id=ppgLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA373&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U2Jja5SFf4HYChR_p8XcGHcmBaDvQ&ci=164%2C181%2C704%2C1274&edge=0 St Magnus in 1838]</ref> This prospect was affected in 1924 by the building of Adelaide House to a design by [[John James Burnet]],<ref>See [http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=2833 Adelaide House]</ref> ''The Times'' commenting that "the new ‘architectural Matterhorn’ ... conceals all but the tip of the church spire".<ref>See letter of complaint to ''The Times'', 14 March 1924, p. 13 and 'before' and 'after' photographs in ''The Times'', 19 March 1924, p. 18. See also [http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/screens-blacking-out-some-of-the-office-windows-of-adelaide-news-photo/85196603 Ancient Lights].</ref> There was, however, an excellent view of the church for a few years between the demolition of Adelaide Buildings and the erection of its replacement.<ref>''The Halls of The Fishmongers' Company'', Metcalf, P., Plate 24: Phillimore, Chichester, 1977 {{ISBN|0-85033-243-5}}. See also ''The Times'', 3 April 1922, p.5 and 24 February 1923, p. 14; also [http://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/3271541/Hulton-Archive Hulton Archive]. A good view of the church from the river was also available before the development of New Fresh Wharf; see [https://www.flickr.com/photos/nationalmaritimemuseum/4127494721/ National Maritime Museum]</ref> [[Adelaide House]] is now listed.<ref>{{NHLE |num=1064621 |access-date=13 March 2011}}</ref> Regis House, on the site of the abandoned [[King William Street tube station|King William Street terminus]] of the City & South London Railway (subsequently the Northern Line),<ref>See [http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/sites/k/king_william_street_station/index1.shtml King William Street Station]</ref> and the Steam Packet Inn, on the corner of Lower Thames Street and Fish Street Hill,<ref>See [http://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/collage/app?service=external/Item&sp=ZSteam+Packet&sp=50067&sp=X Steam Packet Inn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215104859/http://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/collage/app?service=external%2FItem&sp=ZSteam+Packet&sp=50067&sp=X |date=15 December 2013 }}</ref> were developed in 1931.<ref>''The story of the site of Regis House, King William Street, London, EC4'', Waddington, Q.: published by [[Rudolph Palumbo]], London, 1931, reprinted 1954. Palumbo had acquired the land in 1929, see [http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/33524/pages/5222/page.pdf London Gazette], which was very close to his business address at 127 Lower Thames Street, the City offices of Sir Robert McAlpine & Sons, and his parents' restaurant at 37 Fish Street Hill. He built 37A Walbrook as the family office in 1952.</ref>
 
[[File:New Fresh Wharf c1970 - geograph.org.uk - 340141.jpg|thumb|left|upright|New Fresh Wharf c1970]]
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[[File:The Monument, London - view 4.jpg|thumb|right|upright|St Magnus the Martyr viewed from top of [[Monument to the Great Fire of London|The Monument]]]]
 
By the early 1960s traffic congestion had become a problem<ref>See [http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1963/may/08/traffic-congestion-new-fresh-wharf-area Hansard 1963] and [http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/environmental-enhancement/publications/Documents/Street-Scene-manual2.pdf City Street Scene Manual] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215103229/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/environmental-enhancement/publications/Documents/Street-Scene-manual2.pdf |date=15 December 2013 }}</ref> and [[Thames Street (London)|Lower Thames Street]] was widened over the next decade<ref>The Upper Thames Street tunnel opened in 1970.</ref> to form part of a significant new east–west transport artery (the A3211).<ref>This involved the demolition of the Coal Exchange in 1962 and a number of warehouses; see [http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1962/mar/06/coal-exchange-london Hansard 1962] and [http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/planning/heritage-and-design/conservation-areas/Documents/eastcheap-ca-spd-informal-consultation-draft-august-2012.pdf City of London Supplementary Planning Document – Eastcheap Conservation Area (August 2012)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901101632/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/planning/heritage-and-design/conservation-areas/Documents/eastcheap-ca-spd-informal-consultation-draft-august-2012.pdf |date=1 September 2012 }}</ref> The setting of the church was further affected by the construction of a new [[London Bridge]] between 1967 and 1973.<ref>See [http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/transport-and-streets/roads-highways-and-pavements/Pages/London-Bridge.aspx London Bridge]</ref> The New Fresh Wharf warehouse to the east of the church, built in 1939, was demolished in 1973-4 following the collapse of commercial traffic in the [[Pool of London]]<ref>See [http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.66/chapterId/1598/The-riverside-wharves.html New Fresh Wharf]</ref> and, after an archaeological excavation,<ref>See [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Roman-Quay-Magnus-House-London/dp/B0006EOLJQ Roman Quay At St Magnus House]. For the London Waterfront Tenements project see [http://www.colat.org.uk/LWTsummary.pdf London Waterfront Tenements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215110147/http://www.colat.org.uk/LWTsummary.pdf |date=15 December 2013 }}. For the pilot study investigating the creation of a digital archive of medieval property transactions along the City waterfront see [http://documents.mola.org.uk/projects/CITY/366/Dyson%20project_01.pdf Tony Dyson archive project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803123638/http://documents.mola.org.uk/projects/CITY/366/Dyson%20project_01.pdf |date=3 August 2012 }}</ref> St Magnus House was constructed on the site in 1978 to a design by [[Richard Seifert|R. Seifert & Partners]].<ref>''Aspects of Saxo-Norman London III: The Bridgehead and Billingsgate to 1200'', Steedman, K., Dyson T., Schofield, J., p. 21: London, 1992, {{ISBN|0-903290-40-5}}. See also ''London 1: The City of London'', Pevsner, N. and Bradley, S., p. 548: London, 1997 {{ISBN|0-14-071092-2}}.</ref> This development now allows a clear view of the church from the east side.<ref>See [http://www.viewpictures.co.uk/Details.aspx?ID=149376&TypeID=1&searchtype=&contributor=0&licenses=1&sort=REL&cdonly=False&mronly=False View] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320152635/http://www.viewpictures.co.uk/Details.aspx?ID=149376&TypeID=1&searchtype=&contributor=0&licenses=1&sort=REL&cdonly=False&mronly=False |date=20 March 2012 }}</ref> The site to the south-east of The Monument (between Fish Street Hill and Pudding Lane), formerly predominantly occupied by fish merchants,<ref>See, for example, the photograph of St Magnus, The Monument and fish porters at Billingsgate in ''Wonderful London'', volume II, edited by Arthur St John Adcock, published by Amalgamated Press: London 1926/27</ref> was redeveloped as Centurion House and Gartmore (now Providian) House at the time of the closure of old Billingsgate Market in January 1982.<ref>''Bygone Billingsgate'', Manton, C. and Edwards, J.: Phillimore, Chichester, 1989 {{ISBN|0-85033-689-9}}. For the archaeological excavation see [http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/laarc/catalogue/siteinfo.asp?id=1978&code=PDN81 PDN81] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814121438/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/laarc/catalogue/siteinfo.asp?id=1978&code=PDN81 |date=14 August 2012 }}</ref> A comprehensive redevelopment of Centurion House (renamed Monument Place) began in October 2011 and the building was let in 2014.<ref>See [https://democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Data/Planning%20and%20Transportation%20Committee/20110906/Agenda/$06%203%20-%20Centurion%20House%2024%20Monument%20Street%20London%20EC3R%208AJ.doc.pdf Planning and Transportation Committee], [http://www.rockspringpim.com/news-and-research/press-releases/2011/sept11-centurion-planning.aspx Centurion House], [https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/buildings/contracts/mace-bags-15m-centurion-house-03-01-2012/ Mace] and [https://www.rockspringpim.com/news-and-research/press-releases/2014/10092014-monument-place-lettings-ei-cahill/#.WLyIB4XXKM8 Monument Place]</ref> Regis House, to the south-west of The Monument, was redeveloped by Land Securities PLC in 1998.<ref>The present Regis House replaced the original building of that name (of 1931) and Ridgway House (built in 1913 for Ridgways Teas) in King William Street, together with properties in Fish Street Hill, including the Canterbury Arms pub (a link with the pilgrimage to the shrine of St Thomas Becket). The pub is recalled in the novel 'The Hidden War' by David Fiddimore (Pp 136–7, and 490, as "a drinking haunt of the Customs Officers who worked the Pool of London". London, 2009 {{ISBN|978-0-330-45448-3}}) For the archaeological excavations see Brigham, T., Watson, B., Tyers, I. with Bartkowiak, R. 1996 'Current Archaeological work at Regis House in the City of London part 1' London Archaeologist 8 (2), 31–8 [http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-457-1/dissemination/pdf/vol08/vol08_02/08_02_031_038.pdf Part 1]; Brigham T., Watson B. and Bartkowiak R., 1996, 'Current archaeological work at Regis House in the City of London, part 2', London Archaeologist 8(3): 63–68 [http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-457-1/dissemination/pdf/vol08/vol08_03/08_03_063_069.pdf Part 2]; Trevor Brigham, Tony Dyson and Bruce Watson, 'Saxo-Norman, medieval and post-medieval development at Regis House, London EC4', Trans London and Middlesex Archaeol Soc 61 (2010), 89–129 [http://www.colat.org.uk/Trans%20LondonMddx-Regis%20House.pdf COLAT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215110449/http://www.colat.org.uk/Trans%20LondonMddx-Regis%20House.pdf |date=15 December 2013 }}. See also [http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/laarc/catalogue/siteinfo.asp?id=2688&code=KWS94 Site record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814121850/http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/laarc/catalogue/siteinfo.asp?id=2688&code=KWS94 |date=14 August 2012 }}, [http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/learning/features_facts/digging/crafts/s1.html Discovering trade and transport at Regis House] and [http://www.archaeology.co.uk/specials/the-timeline-of-britain/the-story-of-roman-london.htm Current Archaeology]. One of the finds was a maiolica altar flower jug decorated with the instruments of the Passion, which is now on display in the Museum of London. [http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/London-Wall/Whats-on/Galleries/medieval/objects/record.htm?type=object&id=731880 Jug]</ref>
 
The vista from The [[Monument to the Great Fire of London|Monument]] south to the [[River Thames]], over the roof of St Magnus, is protected under the City of London Unitary Development Plan,<ref>See [http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/65CCEAEE-662D-493E-89FC-576533BA926C/0/st_pauls_monument_views.pdf City of London] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402185453/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/65CCEAEE-662D-493E-89FC-576533BA926C/0/st_pauls_monument_views.pdf |date=2 April 2012 }}</ref> although the South bank of the river is now dominated by [[Shard London Bridge|The Shard]]. Since 2004 the City of London Corporation has been exploring ways of enhancing the Riverside Walk to the south of St Magnus.<ref>See [http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/environmental-enhancement/strategies/Pages/riverside-walk-enhancement-strategy.aspx Riverside Walk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831045236/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/environmental-enhancement/strategies/Pages/riverside-walk-enhancement-strategy.aspx |date=31 August 2012 }}</ref> Work on a new staircase to connect London Bridge to the Riverside Walk is due to commence in March 2013.<ref>See [https://democracy.cityoflondon.gov.uk/documents/s13749/Riverside%20Walk%20Enhancement%20Strategy.pdf Riverside Walk at London Bridge]</ref> The story of St Magnus's relationship with London Bridge and an interview with the rector featured in the television programme ''The Bridges That Built London with Dan Cruickshank'', first broadcast on [[BBC Four]] on 14 June 2012.<ref>See [https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01jv5nr/The_Bridges_That_Built_London_with_Dan_Cruickshank The Bridges That Built London with Dan Cruickshank]</ref> The City Corporation's 'Fenchurch and Monument Area Enhancement Strategy' of August 2012 recommended ways of reconnecting St Magnus and the riverside to the area north of Lower Thames Street.<ref>"The southern section of Fish Street Hill leads directly from the Monument to the pedestrian crossing opposite St Magnus the Martyr Church and further enhancement of the street with Yorkstone paving used throughout, architectural lighting and improved signage would be of benefit to emphasis this route to the riverside from Monument Station. Lower Thames Street itself forms part of the Transport for London Road Network. Its corridor creates significant severance between the Fenchurch Street area and the City’s riverside. While level differences and utility infrastructure are major constraints, additional improvements to the street including enhanced pedestrian crossings and street trees would be of major benefit to reduce the severance caused and encourage greater access to the riverside." See [http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/environmental-enhancement/public-consultation/Documents/Fenchurch%20and%20Monument%20Area%20Enhance%20Strategy%20Part%202%20(iv).pdf Area Enhancement Strategy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031102835/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/services/environment-and-planning/environmental-enhancement/public-consultation/Documents/Fenchurch%20and%20Monument%20Area%20Enhance%20Strategy%20Part%202%20(iv).pdf |date=31 October 2012 }}</ref>
 
===Late 19th century and early 20th century===
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[[File:Londonbridge1900.jpg|thumb|left|London Bridge and St Magnus the Martyr circa 1900]]
 
During the second half of the 19th century the rectors were Alexander McCaul (1799–1863, Rector 1850–63), who coined the term "Judaeo Christian" in a letter dated 17 October 1821,<ref>''Extract of a Letter From Mr. M'Caul'' in ''The Jewish Expositor, and Friend of Israel'' (Volume V, page 478) [https://books.google.com/books?id=dSYbAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA476&lpg=RA1-PA476&dq=Extract+of+a+Letter+From+Mr.+M'Caul+October+1821&source=bl&ots=cnQvsMI7pS&sig=CaoCbo6Hbx3rZJnFIJuPcrJpRpY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TSwcUJXwG-OV0QWGkIGwCQ&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Extract%20of%20a%20Letter%20From%20Mr.%20M'Caul%20October%201821&f=false The Jewish Expositor] "... there is but one way to bring about the object of the Society, that is by erecting a Judaeo Christian community, a city of refuge, where all who wish to be baptized could be supplied with the means of earning their bread."</ref> and his son Alexander Israel McCaul (1835–1899, curate 1859–63, rector 1863–99). Another son, Joseph Benjamin McCaul (1827–92) served as curate from 1851 to 1854. The Revd [[Alexander McCaul]] Sr<ref>A scholarship bearing McCaul's name is still awarded by Kings College, London [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/depts/trs/study/funding/mccaul.aspx McCaul Scholarship]</ref> was a Christian missionary to the Polish Jews, who (having declined an offer to become the first Anglican bishop in Jerusalem)<ref>'The Letters and Diaries of John Henry Newman: Volume VIII: Tract 90 and the Jerusalem Bishopric', Gerard Tracey (ed.), p.291: Oxford, 1999, {{ISBN|978-0199204038}}. See [https://books.google.com/books?id=BEDC_E550mYC&pg=PA291&lpg=PA291&dq=professor+Alexander+McCaul+kings+college&source=bl&ots=66amLFMpEF&sig=UQZ1zDEEzi7l7R-mJEz7XtPOKCA&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wPG5UOLJOqeU0QX53oGYDA&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=professor%20Alexander%20McCaul%20kings%20college&f=false Newman Letters and Diaries]</ref> was appointed professor of Hebrew and rabbinical literature at [[King's College, London]] in 1841. His daughter, [[Elizabeth Anne Finn|Elizabeth Finn]] (1825–1921), a noted linguist, was the wife of James Finn, the British Consul in Jerusalem from 1846 to 1863. She founded a number of organizations including the Jerusalem Literary Society, which was the forerunner to the Palestine Exploration Fund, the Society for the Relief of Persecuted Jews (Syrian Colonization Fund) and the Distressed Gentlefolk Aid Association (now known as [[Elizabeth Finn Care]]).<ref>''Elizabeth Finn Care: Our History'' at [http://www.elizabethfinncare.org.uk/Our_History Elizabeth Finn Care] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110505184709/http://www.elizabethfinncare.org.uk/Our_History |date=5 May 2011 }}</ref> Both McCaul and his daughter worked closely with Lord Shaftesbury.<ref>See for example a letter to The Times, 27 April 1939; p. 12; Issue 48290 from Constance Finn referring to correspondence from Lord Shaftesbury to McCaul in 1841 regarding Lord Palmerston's instructions to the Consulate at Jerusalem to give protection to any Jews there who might require it.</ref>
 
In 1890 it was reported that the Bishop of London was to hold an inquiry as to the desirability of uniting the benefices of [[St George Botolph Lane]] and St Magnus. The expectation was a fusion of the two livings, the demolition of St George’s and the pensioning of "William Gladstone’s favourite Canon", [[Malcolm MacColl]]. Although services ceased there, St George’s was not demolished until 1904. The parish was then merged with St Mary at Hill rather than St Magnus.<ref>''The Quebec Saturday Budget'', 2 August 1890</ref>
 
The patronage of the living was acquired in the late 19th century by [[Sir Henry Peek, 1st Baronet|Sir Henry Peek]], Senior Partner of Peek Brothers & Co of 20 Eastcheap, the country's largest firm of wholesale tea brokers and dealers, and Chairman of the Commercial Union Assurance Co. Peek was a generous philanthropist who was instrumental in saving both Wimbledon Common and Burnham Beeches from development. His grandson, Sir Wilfred Peek, presented a cousin, Richard Peek, as rector in 1904. Peek, an ardent Freemason, held the office of Grand Chaplain of England. ''The Times'' recorded that his memorial service in July 1920 "was of a semi-Masonic character, Mr Peek having been a prominent Freemason".<ref>''The Times'', 23 July 1920, p. 11.</ref> In June 1895 Peek had saved the life of a young French girl who jumped overboard from a ferry midway between Dinard and St Malo in Brittany and was awarded the bronze medal of the Royal Humane Society and the Gold Medal 1st Class of the Sociâetâe Nationale de Sauvetage de France.<ref>See [http://www.peek-of-hazelwood.org.uk/_fpclass/Public%20Web%20FIles/n_2a.html#11 Peek family] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006013545/http://www.peek-of-hazelwood.org.uk/_fpclass/Public%20Web%20FIles/n_2a.html#11 |date=6 October 2011 }}</ref>
 
In November 1898 a memorial service was held at St Magnus for [[Knill Baronets|Sir Stuart Knill]] (1824–1898), head of the firm of John Knill and Co, wharfingers, and formerly Lord Mayor and Master of the Plumbers' Company.<ref>See "Election of an Alderman" in ''The Times'', 19 September 1885, p. 5 and "The Late Sir Suart Knill" in ''The Times'', 23 November 1898, p. 12</ref> This was the first such service for a Roman Catholic taken in an Anglican church.<ref>''The New Zealand Tablet'', Volume XXVI, Issue 4, 26 January 1899, p. 24.</ref> Sir Stuart's son, [[Knill Baronets|Sir John Knill]] (1856–1934), also served as Alderman for the [[Bridge (ward)|Ward of Bridge Within]], Lord Mayor and Master of the Plumbers' Company.
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A further attempt to implement the recommendations of the Phillimore Report in 1926<ref>Union Of Benefices And Disposal Of Churches (Metropolis) Measure, 1926</ref> was resisted by the [[David Lindsay, 27th Earl of Crawford|Earl of Crawford]] in a debate in the House of Lords on 15 July 1926<ref>[https://hansard.parliament.uk/lords/1926-07-15/debates/81d4808f-2146-473e-bf71-84c55c48cd23/UnionOfBeneficesAndDisposalOfChurches(Metropolis)Measure1926 Hansard]</ref> who quoted "to your Lordships the list of these condemned churches. It will not take a moment. Even their fine resounding names are worthy of quotation.... St. Magnus the Martyr — many of your Lordships must know that wonderful church by the water's edge down below London Bridge".
 
The rectory, built by [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Robert Smirke]] in 1833-5, was at 39 [[King William Street (London)|King William Street]].<ref>''London 1: The City of London'', Pevsner, N. and Bradley, S., p. 231: London, 1997</ref> A decision was taken in 1909 to sell the property, the intention being to purchase a new rectory in the suburbs, but the sale fell through and at the time of the 1910 Land Tax Valuations the building was being let out to a number of tenants. The rectory was sold by the diocese on 30 May 1921 for £8,000 to [[Thomas Ridgway|Ridgways Limited]], which owned the adjoining premises.<ref>Church Commissioners' Deed No. 538909 and related correspondence at the Church of England Record Centre. Board of Inland Revenue Valuation Office records at The National Archives, Kew. See also [http://www.ridgwaystea.co.uk/about-us.html Ridgways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231144525/http://www.ridgwaystea.co.uk/about-us.html |date=31 December 2012 }}</ref> The [[Vestry]] House adjoining the south-west of the church, replacing the one built in the 1760s, may also have been by Smirke. Part of the burial ground of [[St Michael, Crooked Lane]], located between Fish Street Hill and [[King William Street (London)|King William Street]], survived as an open space until 1987 when it was compulsorily purchased to facilitate the extension of the [[Docklands Light Railway]] into the [[City of London|City]].<ref>London Docklands Railway (City Extension) Act 1986 c. xxiii and Pastoral Scheme made by the Church Commissioners dated 9 April 1987. See [[Bank-Monument station#Docklands Light Railway, 1991|Monument Station]] and [http://www.ltmcollection.org/photos/photo/photo.html?_IXSR_=_TxJWS1L2UF&_IXMAXHITS_=1&IXinv=2001/16528&IXsummary=results/results&IXsearch=Monument&_IXFIRST_=40 London Transport Museum]</ref> The bodies were reburied at [[Brookwood Cemetery]].<ref>''Foxes have holes – A personal memoir of St Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge from 1984 to 1995'', Woodgate, M.: Catholic League, 2005</ref>
 
===Between the wars: Fr Fynes and the Anglo-Catholic tradition===
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[[File:Icon within St Magnus-the-Martyr - geograph.org.uk - 1257908.jpg|thumb|right|Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham in St Magnus the Martyr]]
 
In 1922 Fynes-Clinton refounded the Fraternity of Our Lady de Salve Regina.<ref>''Anglo-Catholic in Religion – T.S. Eliot and Christianity'', Spurr B., p. 38: Cambridge, 2010, {{ISBN|978-0-7188-3073-1}}. For a photograph of a member wearing the collar of the Fraternity see [http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/1931milnerlarge.htm Leslie Gray Fisher] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330075037/http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/1931milnerlarge.htm |date=30 March 2012 }}. See also [http://anglicanexfide.blogspot.com/p/fraternity-of-our-lady-de-salve-regina.html The Fraternity of Our Lady de Salve Regina]</ref> The fraternity's badge<ref>The badge is a reference to Revelation, Chapter 12, Verse 1: "And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars".</ref> is shown in the stained glass window at the east end of the north wall of the church above the reredos of the Lady Chapel altar. He also erected a statue of [[Our Lady of Walsingham]] and arranged pilgrimages to the [[Anglican Shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham|Norfolk shrine]], where he was one of the founding guardians.<ref>Colin Stephenson relates that on one of the first pilgrimages organized by Fynes-Clinton the train kept stopping with a jolt and the guard insisted that someone was pulling the communication cord. It was discovered that one of the party, a Miss Few, had hooked an enormous banner on to it, so that when the train went round a bend the pole slid along the floor and pulled the cord. At one point the party were all thrown on their backs when standing to say the Salve Regina.</ref> In 1928 the journal of the Catholic League reported that St Magnus had presented a votive candle to the shrine at Walsingham "in token of our common Devotion and the mutual sympathy and prayers that are we hope a growing bond between the peaceful country shrine and the church in the heart of the hurrying City, from the Altar of which the Pilgrimages regularly start".<ref>See [http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/catholicleaguepilgrimages.htm Catholic League] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005105622/http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/catholicleaguepilgrimages.htm |date=5 October 2011 }}</ref>
 
Fynes-Clinton was General Secretary of the Anglican and Eastern Orthodox Churches Union and its successor, the [[Anglican and Eastern Churches Association]], from 1906 to 1920 and served as Secretary to the Archbishop of Canterbury's Eastern Churches Committee from 1920 to around 1924. A Solemn Requiem was celebrated at St Magnus in September 1921 for the late [[Peter I of Serbia|King Peter of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]].
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[[File:Monument and land to Howan on Egilsay - geograph.org.uk - 217412.jpg|thumb|left|Memorial to St Magnus on Egilsay]]
 
St Magnus was one of the churches that held special services before the opening of the second Anglo-Catholic Congress in 1923.<ref>''The Times'', 7 March 1923, p. 13</ref> Fynes-Clinton<ref>''Anglican Papalism'', Yelton, M., Plate 1: Canterbury Press, Norwich, 2005 {{ISBN|1-85311-655-6}}</ref> was the first incumbent to hold lunchtime services for City workers.<ref>''Henry Joy Fynes-Clinton'', Lunn, B. & Haselock, J.: London, 1983 {{ISBN|0-85191-174-9}}. In 1939 Fynes-Clinton organised a "Pageant of Nursing'"at St Magnus in conjunction with the London Hospital – see ''The Times'', 25 May 1939, p. 17</ref> [[Pathé News]] filmed the [[Palm Sunday]] procession at St Magnus in 1935.<ref>Available here: [http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=5915 British Pathé] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708095024/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=5915 |date=8 July 2011 }}</ref> In ''[[The Towers of Trebizond]]'', the novel by [[Rose Macauley]] published in 1956, Fr Chantry-Pigg's church is described as being several feet higher than [[St Mary's, Bourne Street]] and some inches above even St Magnus the Martyr.<ref>''The Towers of Trebizond'', Macauley, R.: Collins, London, 1956. Chantry-Pigg is said to have been based on John Herbert Cloete Twisaday, vicar of All Saints, Notting Hill. 'Pen portraits' of St Magnus in the time of Fynes-Clinton are given in Anthony Symondson's essay '' 'Renovating Heaven and Adjusting the Stars' '' (chapter 9 of ''Loose Canon: A portrait of Brian Brindley'', D. Thompson (ed), pp. 69–70: London, 2004 {{ISBN|0-8264-7418-7}}) and ''The Unity of Christians: The Vision of Paul Couturier'', Lunn, B.: Special Edition of 'The Messenger' of the Catholic League, 2003 at [http://paulcouturier.faithweb.com/pcbook06lunn.pdf Catholic League]</ref>
 
In July 1937 Fr Fynes-Clinton, with two members of his congregation, travelled to [[Kirkwall]] to be present at the 800th anniversary celebrations of [[St Magnus Cathedral|St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall]]. During their stay they visited [[Egilsay]] and were shown the spot where St Magnus had been slain. Later Fynes-Clinton was present at a service held at the roofless church of St Magnus on [[Egilsay]], where he suggested to his host Mr Fryer, the minister of the Cathedral, that the congregations of Kirkwall and London should unite to erect a permanent stone memorial on the traditional site where Earl Magnus had been murdered. In 1938 a cairn was built of local stone on [[Egilsay]]. It stands 12 feet high and is 6 feet broad at its base. The memorial was dedicated on 7 September 1938 and a bronze inscription on the monument reads "erected by the Rector and Congregation of St Magnus the Martyr by London Bridge and the Minister and Congregation of [[St Magnus Cathedral|St Magnus Cathedral, Kirkwall]] to commemorate the traditional spot where Earl Magnus was slain, AD circa 1116 and to commemorate the Octocentenary of [[St Magnus Cathedral]] 1937".<ref>See [http://www.orkneycommunities.co.uk/EGILSAY/index.asp?pageid=2404 Orkney Communities] and ''The Church of St Magnus the Martyr by London Bridge'', Anon. [Aggett, David T.]: privately printed (no date)</ref>
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Some minor changes were made to the parish boundary in 1954, including the transfer to St Magnus of an area between Fish Street Hill and [[Pudding Lane]]. The site of [[St Leonard, Eastcheap|St Leonard Eastcheap]], a church that was not rebuilt after the [[Great Fire of London|Great Fire]], is therefore now in the parish of St Magnus despite being united to [[St Edmund, King and Martyr|St Edmund the King]].
 
Fr Fynes-Clinton marked the 50th anniversary of his priesthood in May 1952 with High Mass at St Magnus and lunch at [[Fishmongers' Hall]].<ref>See [http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/1952-2olm.htm Our Lady's Mirror] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005105257/http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/1952-2olm.htm |date=5 October 2011 }}</ref> On 20 September 1956 a solemn Mass was sung in St Magnus to commence the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the restoration of the Holy House at Walsingham in 1931. In the evening of that day a reception was held in the large chamber of [[Caxton Hall]], when between three and four hundred guests assembled.<ref>See [http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/jubilee1956.htm Jubilee 1956] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005105513/http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/jubilee1956.htm |date=5 October 2011 }}</ref>
 
Fr Fynes-Clinton was succeeded as rector in 1960 by Fr Colin Gill,<ref>See announcement in ''The Times'', 8 April 1960, p. 19</ref> who remained as incumbent until his death in 1983.<ref>For obituary see ''Walsingham'', Cobb, P. (ed), pp 90–91: 1990. His funeral at St Magnus has been described as "one of the last major rallying points of the Anglo-Catholic world" – see [http://anglicanexfide.blogspot.com/2010/04/good-friday-in-older-rite-at-s-magnus.html Ex Fide]. See also ''The Times'', 29 October 1983, p. 10.</ref> Fr Gill was also closely connected with Walsingham and served as a Guardian between 1953 and 1983, including nine years as Master of the College of Guardians.<ref>See [http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/guardiansgallery.htm Guardians] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101133325/http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/guardiansgallery.htm |date=1 January 2011 }}</ref> He celebrated the Mass at the first [[The National Pilgrimage|National Pilgrimage]] in 1959<ref>''Walsingham'', Cobb, P. (ed), pp 85: 1990. See also the report in ''The Times'', 19 May 1959, p. 12</ref> and presided over the Jubilee celebrations to mark the 50th anniversary of the Shrine in 1981, having been present at the Holy House's opening.<ref>See [http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/jubilee1981.htm Jubilee 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005105540/http://www.walsinghamanglicanarchives.org.uk/jubilee1981.htm |date=5 October 2011 }}</ref> A number of the congregation of St Stephen's Lewisham moved to St Magnus around 1960, following temporary changes in the form of worship there.<ref>''The Bridge'' (Sothwark Diocesan newsletter), June 1997</ref>
 
[[File:Flickr - Duncan~ - St Magnus vs The Shard.jpg|thumb|right|St Magnus in 2012 with [[The Shard]] in the background]]
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In 1971 a Commission chaired by Lord Justice Buckley proposed changes to the City churches, including the creation of seven team ministries. St Magnus would have been part of a Fenchurch team along with All Hallows by the Tower, St Olave's Hart Street and St Margaret Pattens.<ref>''The Times'', 26 November 1971, p.4</ref> In 1994 the [[Sydney Templeman, Baron Templeman|Templeman]] Commission proposed a radical restructuring of the churches in the City Deanery. St Magnus was identified as one of the 12 churches that would remain as either a parish or an 'active' church.<ref>The Rt Hon. Lord Templeman, City Churches Commission, Diocese of London, Report to the Bishop. January 1994. See also [http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-457-1/dissemination/pdf/vol07/vol07_07/07_07_184_188.pdf Templeman Report]</ref> However, the proposals were dropped following a public outcry and the consecration of a new Bishop of London. Following the departure of Fr Michael Woodgate (Rector 1984 to 1995) the presentation to the living was suspended until 2010. The Ven [[Ken Gibbons]] was Priest-in-Charge from 1997 to 2003.
 
The parish priest since 2003 has been Fr Philip Warner, who was previously priest-in-charge of St Mary's Church, [[Belgrade]] ([[Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe|Diocese in Europe]]) and [[Apocrisiarius|Apokrisiarios]] for the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] to the [[Serbian Orthodox Church]]. Since January 2004 there has been an annual Blessing of the Thames, with the congregations of St Magnus and Southwark Cathedral meeting in the middle of London Bridge.<ref>See [http://www.london.anglican.org/NewsShow_2447 Blessing of the Thames]</ref> On Sunday 3 July 2011, in anticipation of the feast of the translation of St Thomas Becket (7 July), a procession from St Magnus brought a relic of the saint to the middle of the bridge.<ref>See [http://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/5379 Relic of St Thomas Becket carried in procession to London Bridge]</ref> On 25 May 2016, as part of a joint initiative between the Church of England and the Catholic Church of England and Wales, a relic of St Thomas Becket from Esztergom in Hungary was brought to St Magnus for veneration followed by Solemn Pontifical Vespers celebrated by the Revd Jonathan Baker, Bishop of Fulham. The Bishop of the Diocese of Szeged–Csanád, The Rt Revd László Kiss-Rigó, gave a short homily on the history of the relic.<ref>See [http://www.stmagnusmartyr.org.uk/gallery/reception-relic-st-thomas-canterbury-may-2016 Reception of the relic of St Thomas of Canterbury] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220134147/http://www.stmagnusmartyr.org.uk/gallery/reception-relic-st-thomas-canterbury-may-2016 |date=20 December 2016 }}</ref>
 
William Petter was Director of Music from 2011 until his death in 2016,<ref>See [http://www.stmagnusmartyr.org.uk/william-petter-tribute Tribute to William Petter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220115419/http://www.stmagnusmartyr.org.uk/william-petter-tribute |date=20 December 2016 }}</ref> having been a founder member of the Choir of St Magnus the Martyr in 2005.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://stmagnusmartyr.org.uk/our-debut-cd| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141223012655/http://stmagnusmartyr.org.uk/our-debut-cd| archive-date = 2014-12-23| title = Our Debut CD {{!}} St Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge}} </ref> He was succeeded by Lottie Bagnall and then by William Johnston Davies. The choir issued CDs in 2013 (''Regina Coeli'') and 2014 (''Inexplicable Splendour''). St Magnus's organist, John Eady, has won composition competitions for new choral works at St Paul's Cathedral (a setting of ''Veni Sancte Spiritus'' first performed on 27 May 2012) and at Lincoln Cathedral (a setting of the Matin responsory for Advent first performed on 30 November 2013).<ref>See [http://www.stpauls.co.uk/News-Press/Latest-News/London-musician-triumphs-in-choral-composition-competition Choral composition competition] and [http://lincolncathedral.com/2013/10/winners-advent-composition-competition-song-advent-announced/ Advent Composition Competition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191016/http://lincolncathedral.com/2013/10/winners-advent-composition-competition-song-advent-announced/ |date=29 October 2013 }}</ref> Joseph Atkins<ref>See [http://www.josephatkins.co.uk/composer.php Joseph Atkins]</ref> composed three pieces for the church: ''Missa Sancti Magni'', ''Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis'' and ''The Blessing of the Bells'', a litany and antiphon for the consecration of the new bells in 2009. David Pearson composed two pieces, the Communion anthem ''A Mhànais mo rùin'' (O Magnus of my love) and a hymn to St Magnus, ''Nobilis, humilis'', for performance at the church on the feast of St Magnus the Martyr on 16 April 2012.<ref>Two-page leaflet on the music performed at St Magnus the Martyr on 16 April 2012</ref>
 
In addition to liturgical music of a high standard, St Magnus is the venue for a wide range of musical events. The Clemens non Papa Consort, founded in 2005, performs in collaboration with the production team Concert Bites as the church's resident ensemble.<ref>See [http://www.clemensnonpapaconsort.com Clemens non Papa Consort]</ref> The band ''Mishaped Pearls'' performed at the church on 17 December 2011.<ref>See [http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.341536569194264.96801.164140396933883&type=3 Mishaped Pearls & Josephine Lloyd and Band Concert]</ref> St Magnus featured in the television programme ''Jools Holland: London Calling'', first broadcast on BBC2 on 9 June 2012.<ref>See [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01jxzfq Jools Holland: London Calling]</ref> The Platinum Consort made a promotional film at St Magnus for the release of their debut album ''In the Dark'' on 2 July 2012.<ref>See [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmkCYEH7-Kc Platinum Consort]</ref>
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The interior was made to look more European by the removal of the old box pews and the installation of new pews with cut-down ends. Two new columns were inserted in the nave to make the lines regular. The Wren-period pulpit by the joiner William Grey<ref>''The Visitor's Guide to the City of London Churches'', Tucker, T., p. 55: London, 2006</ref> was opened up and provided with a soundboard and crucifix. Travers also designed the statue of St Magnus of Orkney, which stands in the south aisle, and the statue of Our Lady of Walsingham.<ref>''Anglican Papalism'', Yelton, M., p. 226: Norwich, 2005 {{ISBN|1-85311-655-6}}</ref>
 
On the north wall there is a [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] [[icon]], painted in 1908. The modern stations of the cross in honey-coloured Japanese oak are the work of Robert Randall and Ashley Sands.<ref>See [http://www.churchart.co.uk/findanartist/viewArtist.php?artistID=204&searchMode=craftID=26 Sands and Randall] and [http://trushare.com/95APR03/AP03ARTY.htm Stations of the Cross – Two Views]</ref> One of the windows in the north wall dates from 1671 and came from Plumbers' Hall in Chequer Yard, Bush Lane, which was demolished in 1863 to make way for [[Cannon Street station|Cannon Street Railway Station]].<ref>See [https://www.flickr.com/photos/32445100@N03/3975781762/ Window of 1671 from Plumbers' Hall]. The site of the old Plumbers' Hall is now commemorated by a plaque and statue in Cannon Street Station [http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/media_centre/news_2011/hrh_plumberappr.htm Plumber’s Apprentice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129084421/http://www.cityoflondon.gov.uk/Corporation/media_centre/news_2011/hrh_plumberappr.htm |date=29 January 2012 }}.</ref> A fireplace from the Hall was re-erected in the Vestry House. The other windows on the north side are by Alfred L. Wilkinson (1899-1983)<ref>The son of Horace Wilkinson, also an artist working in stained glass, Alfred Wilkinson trained at St Martin's School of Art in London before working with his father from 1920 until 1939 in London. He was subsequently based at several addresses in London, Hertfordshire and Essex, and also designed for G. King & Son of Norwich. Horace Wilkinson (1866-1957) was frequently employed by the architect W.D. Caroe, a Past Master of the Plumbers' Company.</ref> and date from 1952 to 1960. These show the arms of the Plumbers’, Fishmongers’ and Coopers’ Companies together with those of William Wand when Bishop of London and Geoffrey Fisher when Archbishop of Canterbury and (as noted above) the badge of the Fraternity of Our Lady de Salve Regina.
 
The stained glass windows in the south wall, which are by [[Lawrence Lee]] and date from 1949 to 1955, represent lost churches associated with the parish: [[Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney|St Magnus]] and his ruined church of [[Egilsay]], [[Margaret the Virgin|St Margaret of Antioch]] with her [[St Margaret, New Fish Street|lost church in New Fish Street]] (where the [[Monument to the Great Fire of London|Monument to the Great Fire]] now stands), [[Michael (archangel)|St Michael]] with his [[St Michael, Crooked Lane|lost church of Crooked Lane]] (demolished to make way for the present [[King William Street (London)|King William Street]]) and St [[Thomas Becket]] with his chapel on Old [[London Bridge]].<ref>See [https://www.flickr.com/groups/lawrencelee/pool/tags/stmagnusthemartyr/ St Magnus] and [http://www.stainedglassrecords.org/Ch.asp?ChId=5904 Stained Glass] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421102500/http://www.stainedglassrecords.org/Ch.asp?ChId=5904 |date=21 April 2012 }}</ref>
 
The church possesses a fine model of Old London Bridge. One of the tiny figures on the bridge appears out of place in the mediaeval setting, wearing a policeman's uniform. This is a representation of the model-maker, David T. Aggett, who is a Liveryman of the [[Worshipful Company of Plumbers]] and was formerly in the police service.<ref>''Official Commemorative Programme: The Lord Mayor's Show 2008'', p.49: London, 2008</ref>
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The 10 bells were removed for safe keeping in 1940 and stored in the churchyard. They were taken to Whitechapel Bell Foundry in 1951 whereupon it was discovered that four of them were cracked. After a long period of indecision, fuelled by lack of funds and interest, the bells were finally sold for scrap in 1976. The metal was used to cast many of the Bells of Congress that were then hung in the [[Old Post Office Pavilion|Old Post Office Tower]] in [[Washington, D.C.]]
 
A fund was set up on 19 September 2005, led by Dickon Love, a member of the [[Ancient society of college youths|Ancient Society of College Youths]], with a view to installing a new ring of 12 bells in the tower in a new frame. This was the first of three new rings of bells he has installed in the City of London (the others being at [[St Dunstan-in-the-West]] and [[St James Garlickhythe]]). The money was raised and the bells were cast during 2008/9 by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry. The tenor weighed 26cwt 3qtr 9&nbsp;lbs (1360&nbsp;kg) and the new bells were designed to be in the same key as the former ring of ten. They were consecrated by the [[Bishop of london|Bishop of London]] on 3 March 2009 in the presence of the [[Lord Mayor of London|Lord Mayor]]<ref>''Ringing the changes: church to end its sixty year silence'', photo with caption on p. 8 of [[Daily Telegraph]] issue no 47,821 (dated Wednesday 4 March 2009)</ref> and the ringing dedicated on 26 October 2009 by the [[Archdeacon of london|Archdeacon of London]].<ref>See [http://www.ascy.org.uk/galleries/2009/magnusdedication.htm Ancient Society of College Youths]</ref> The bells are named (in order smallest to largest) Michael, Margaret, Thomas of Canterbury, Mary, Cedd, Edward the Confessor, Dunstan, John the Baptist, Erkenwald, Paul, Mellitus and Magnus.<ref>"The Church Bells of the City of London" – [http://london.lovesguide.com/magnus_martyr.htm St Magnus the Martyr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529023213/http://london.lovesguide.com/magnus_martyr.htm |date=29 May 2008 }}</ref> The bells project is recorded by an inscription in the vestibule of the church.<ref>See also the photograph of the 11th bell in ''The Times'', 11 February 2012, pp. 96–97</ref>
 
[[File:2007 Flag of Orkney.svg|thumb|left|The [[Flag of Orkney]]]]
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[[File:Fishmongers' Hall, London Bridge, 3 June 2012.JPG|thumb|right|[[Fishmongers' Hall]]]]
 
Every other June, newly-elected wardens of the [[Worshipful Company of Fishmongers|Fishmongers' Company]], accompanied by the Court, proceed on foot from [[Fishmongers' Hall]]<ref>{{NHLE |num=1359203 |access-date=13 March 2011}}</ref> to St Magnus for an election service.<ref>''The Halls of The Fishmongers' Company'', Metcalf, P., p. 180: Phillimore, Chichester, 1977 {{ISBN|0-85033-243-5}}</ref> St Magnus is also the Guild Church of The [[Worshipful Company of Plumbers|Plumbers' Company]]. Two former rectors have served as master of the company,<ref>See ''The Times'', 22 July 1975, p. 16</ref> which holds all its services at the church.<ref>''History of the Worshipful Company of Plumbers'', Young A.J., p. 33: privately printed by the Worshipful Company of Plumbers, London, 2000</ref> On 12 April 2011 a service was held to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the granting of the company's Royal Charter at which the Bishop of London, the Rt Revd and Rt Hon [[Richard Chartres]] KCVO, gave the sermon and blessed the original Royal Charter. For many years the Cloker Service was held at St Magnus, attended by the [[Worshipful Company of Coopers|Coopers' Company]] and [[Worshipful Company of Grocers|Grocers' Company]], at which the clerk of the Coopers' Company read the will of Henry Cloker dated 10 March 1573.<ref>''Notes on the will of Henry Cloker, 1573, and St Magnus the Martyr and their connection with The Worshipful Company of Coopers'', Lake C.: London, 1924. See also ''The Times'', 2 January 1925, p. 7 and [http://www.coopers-hall.co.uk/coopers/pages/today/cloker_service.htm Cloker Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414215810/http://www.coopers-hall.co.uk/coopers/pages/today/cloker_service.htm |date=14 April 2012 }}.</ref>
 
St Magnus is also the ward church for the [[Bridge (ward)|Ward of Bridge and Bridge Without]], which elects one of the city's [[aldermen]]. Between 1550 and 1978 there were separate aldermen for Bridge Within and Bridge Without, the former ward being north of the river and the latter representing the City's area of control in [[Southwark]]. The Bridge Ward Club was founded in 1930 to "promote social activities and discussion of topics of local and general interest and also to exchange ward and parochial information" and holds its annual carol service at St Magnus.<ref>''Bridge Ward Club'', club handbook (no date, c. 1990)</ref>
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{{Commons category|St Magnus-the-Martyr}}
*{{Official website|http://www.stmagnusmartyr.org.uk}}
*[http://london.lovesguide.com/magnus_martyr.htm Love's Guide to the Church Bells of St Magnus the Martyr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529023213/http://london.lovesguide.com/magnus_martyr.htm |date=29 May 2008 }}
*[http://www.achurchnearyou.com/stmagnusmartyr A Church Near You]
*[http://www.london-city-churches.org.uk Friends of the City Churches]