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Line 55: At various times, Confederate armies fought [[Cavalier\|Royalists]], [[Roundhead\|Parliamentarians]], [[Laggan Army\|Ulster Protestant militia]] and Scots [[Covenanter]]s; these controlled [[the Pale]], parts of eastern and northern [[Ulster]], and the region around [[Cork (city)\|Cork]]. Charles authorised secret negotiations which in September 1643 resulted in a Confederate–Royalist ceasefire and led to further talks, most of which proved unsuccessful. In 1644, a [[Irish expedition to Scotland\|Confederate military expedition]] landed in Scotland to help Royalists there. The Confederates continued to fight the Parliamentarians in Ireland, and decisively defeated the Covenanter army in the [[Battle of Benburb]]. In 1647, the Confederates suffered a string of defeats at [[Battle of Dungan's Hill\|Dungan's Hill]], [[Sack of Cashel\|Cashel]] and [[Battle of Knocknanuss\|~~Knockanuss~~Knocknanuss]]. This prompted them to make an agreement with the Royalists, leading to internal divisions which hampered their ability to resist a Parliamentarian invasion. In August 1649, a large [[New Model Army\|English Parliamentarian army]], led by [[Oliver Cromwell]], [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland\|invaded Ireland]]. By May 1652 it had defeated the Confederate–Royalist alliance, although Confederate soldiers continued a [[guerrilla warfare]] campaign for a further year. ==Formation==

Confederate Ireland: Difference between revisions