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As stated by the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC), the largest contributor to global warming is the increase in atmospheric [[carbon dioxide|carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>)]] since 1750, particularly from [[Flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion|fossil fuel combustion]], [[Cement#CO2 emissions|cement production]], and [[land use]] changes such as [[Deforestation#Atmospheric|deforestation]].<ref>"Total radiative forcing is positive and has led to an uptake of energy by the climate system. The largest contribution to total radiative forcing is caused by the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO<sub>2</sub> since 1750." (p 11) "From 1750 to 2011, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production have released 375 [345 to 405] GtC to the atmosphere, while deforestation and other land-use change are estimated to have released 180 [100 to 260] GtC." (p 10), IPCC, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis - Summary for Policymakers, Observed Changes in the Climate System, [http://www.climatechange2013.org/spm p. 10&11], in {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}.</ref> The IPCC's [[IPCC Fifth Assessment Report|Fifth Assessment Report]] (AR5) states:
{{Blockquote | Human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, in changes in the [[Water cycle|global water cycle]], in reductions in [[Cryosphere|snow and ice]], in [[Sea level rise|global mean sea level rise]], and in changes in some [[Extreme weather|climate extremes]]. This evidence for human influence has grown since [[IPCC Fourth Assessment Report|AR4]]. It is extremely likely (95–100%) that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century|IPCC AR5 WG1 Summary for Policymakers<ref>IPCC, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis – Summary for Policymakers, Observed Changes in the Climate System, [http://www.climatechange2013.org/spm p. 15], in {{Harvnb|IPCC AR5 WG1|2013}}.
{{Cite book
| publisher=The National Academies Press
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The evidence for global warming due to human influence has been recognized by the national science academies of all the major industrialized countries.<ref name="SciAcademy Statement">
{{cite web|url=http://nationalacademies.org/onpi/06072005.pdf
|title=Joint Science Academies' Statement
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