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{{More citations needed section|date=December 2010}}
{{See also|Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks}}
In the [[1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election|election to the Russian Constituent Assembly]] held two weeks after the Bolsheviks took power, the party still proved to be by far the most popular party across the country, gaining 37.6% of the popular vote as opposed to the Bolsheviks' 24%. However, the Bolsheviks disbanded the Assembly in January 1918 and after that the SR lost political significance.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Constituent-Assembly-Russian-government|title=Constituent Assembly|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=September 30, 2015}}</ref> The Left SRs became the coalition partner of the Bolsheviks in the Soviet government, although they resigned their positions after the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]] (the peace treaty with the Central Powers that ended Russia's participation in World War I). Both wings of the SR party were ultimately suppressed by the Bolsheviks through imprisoning some of its leaders and forcing others into emigration.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carr |first=E. H. |date=1950 |title=The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–1923 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-63648-8 |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-63648-8}}</ref> A few Left SRs like [[Yakov Blumkin|Yakov Grigorevich Blumkin]] joined the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]].
Dissatisfied with the large concessions granted to Germany by the Bolsheviks in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, two [[Cheka|Chekists]] who were left SRs assassinated the German ambassador to Russia, Count [[Wilhelm von Mirbach|Wilhelm Mirbach]] early in the afternoon on 6 July.<ref name=Felshtinsky>{{cite book|first=Yuri|last=Felshtinsky|title=Lenin and His Comrades: The Bolsheviks Take Over Russia 1917-1924|publisher=Enigma Books|location=New York|isbn=9781929631957|date=October 26, 2010}}</ref> Following the assassination, the left SRs attempted a "[[Left SR uprising|Third Russian Revolution]]" against the Bolsheviks on 6–7 July, but it failed and led to the arrest, imprisonment, exile and execution of party leaders and members. In response, some SRs turned again to violence. A former SR, [[Fanny Kaplan]], tried to assassinate Lenin on 30 August. Many SRs fought for the [[White movement#White Army|Whites]] or [[Green armies|Greens]] in the [[Russian Civil War]] alongside some Mensheviks and other banned socialist elements. The [[Tambov Rebellion]] against the Bolsheviks was led by an SR, [[Alexander Antonov (politician)|Aleksandr Antonov]]. In [[Ufa]] the SRs' [[Provisional All-Russian Government]] was formed. However, after [[Alexander Kolchak|Admiral Kolchak]] was installed by the Whites as "Supreme Leader" in November 1918, he expelled all [[Socialism|Socialists]] from the ranks. As a result, some SRs placed their organisation behind White lines at the service of the Red Guards and the Cheka.
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