Content deleted Content added
Rounding, tidy. |
|||
Line 7:
| image_name = NewZealand.A2002296.2220.250m North Island crop.jpg
| image_caption =
| local_name = {{native name|mi|Te Ika-a-Māui}}
| native_name_lang = mi
| image_size =
| map = Oceania
| map_caption =
| nickname =
| location = Oceania
| coordinates = {{
| archipelago = New Zealand
| total_islands =
Line 23:
| elevation_m = 2797
| country = New Zealand
| country_admin_divisions_title
| country_admin_divisions
| country_admin_divisions_title_1
| country_admin_divisions_1
| country_admin_divisions_title_2
| country_admin_divisions_2
| country_capital_city
| country_largest_city
| country_largest_city_population
| country_leader_title
| country_leader_name
| population = {{NZ population data 2018|North Island regions|y}}
| population_as_of = {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}
| density_km2 = {{Rnd|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data 2018|North Island regions|y}}|R}}/113729|1}}
| ethnic_groups =
}}
The '''North Island''', also officially named '''Te Ika-a-Māui''',<ref>{{cite news |url=
Twelve main urban areas (half of them officially cities) are in the North Island. From north to south, they are [[Whangārei]], [[Auckland]], [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]], [[Tauranga]], [[Rotorua]], [[Gisborne, New Zealand|Gisborne]], [[New Plymouth]], [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]], [[Hastings, New Zealand|Hastings]], [[Whanganui]], [[Palmerston North]], and New Zealand's capital city [[Wellington]], which is located at the south-west tip of the island.
Line 46 ⟶ 45:
==Naming and usage==
Although the island has been known as the North Island for many years,<ref>On some 19th-century maps, the North Island is named [[New Ulster]], which was also a [[Provinces of New Zealand|province of New Zealand]] that included the North Island.</ref> in 2009 the [[New Zealand Geographic Board]] found that, along with the South Island, the North Island had no official name.<ref name=LINZ2009>{{cite web |url=http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/about-geographic-board/nzgb-news-notices/2009/0421-alternative-maori-names |title=The New Zealand Geographic Board Considers North and South Island Names |date=21 April 2009 |publisher=Land Information New Zealand |access-date=28 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214154742/http://www.linz.govt.nz/placenames/about-geographic-board/nzgb-news-notices/2009/0421-alternative-maori-names |archive-date=14 February 2013 |url-status=dead
In prose, the two main islands of New Zealand are called ''the North Island'' and ''the South Island'', with the definite article.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Williamson |first1=Maurice |title=Names of NZ's two main islands formalised |url=https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/names-nz%E2%80%99s-two-main-islands-formalised |website=Beehive.govt.nz |publisher=New Zealand Government |access-date=10 April 2020 |date=11 October 2013}}</ref> It is also normal to use the [[preposition]] ''in'' rather than ''on'', for example "Hamilton is in the North Island", "my mother lives in the North Island".<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/styleguide/n ''Guardian'' and ''Observer'' style guide: N ("New Zealand")], ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 15 April 2019</ref> Maps, headings, tables, and adjectival expressions use ''North Island'' without "the".
Line 52 ⟶ 51:
==Māori mythology==
According to [[Māori mythology]], the North and South Islands of New Zealand arose through the actions of the [[demigod]] [[Māui (Māori mythology)|Māui]]. Māui and his brothers were fishing from their canoe (the South Island) when he caught a great fish and pulled it right up from the sea. While he was not looking his brothers fought over the fish and chopped it up. This great fish became the North Island and thus a Māori name for the North Island is Te Ika-a-Māui ("The Fish of Māui").<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/maori-language-week/1000-maori-place-names |title=1000 Māori place names |publisher=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage |date=6 August 2019}}</ref> The mountains and valleys are believed to have been formed as a result of Māui's brothers' hacking at the fish.
During [[James Cook|Captain James Cook]]'s voyage between 1769 and 1770, Tahitian navigator [[Tupaia (navigator)|Tupaia]] accompanied the circumnavigation of New Zealand. The maps described the North Island as "[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Cook_new_zealand.jpg Ea Heinom Auwe]" and "[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/CookchartNorthIsland.jpg Aeheinomowe]", which recognises the "Fish of Māui" element. Despite this, revisionist historians and Ngai Tahu<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-02 |title=Ngāi Tahu leader: Let’s not rush name change |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/452781/ngai-tahu-leader-let-s-not-rush-name-change |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref> argue that, until the early 20th Century, [[Aotearoa]] was an alternative Māori name for the North Island. In present usage, Aotearoa is a collective Māori name for New Zealand as a whole.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=McLintock |first1=Alexander Hare |last2=James Oakley Wilson |first2=D. S. C. |last3=Taonga |first3=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu |title=AOTEAROA |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/aotearoa |access-date=2021-11-19 |website=An encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, 1966. |language=en}}</ref>
== Geography ==
[[File:New Zealand North Island.png|thumb|The North Island, in relation to the South Island and Stewart Island]]
During the [[Last Glacial Period]] when sea levels were over 100 metres lower than present day levels, the North and South islands were connected by a vast coastal plain which formed at the [[South Taranaki Bight]].<ref name="Niwa">{{Cite web |
===Bays and coastal features===
Line 87 ⟶ 86:
[[File:Egmont National Park, December 2015, New Zealand (42).JPG|thumb|[[Egmont National Park]]]]
[[File:Carte postale -10 (17074160108).jpg|thumb|[[Tongariro National Park]]]]
*
*
*
*
*
===Volcanology===
Line 109 ⟶ 108:
The North Island has an estimated population of {{NZ population data 2018|North Island regions|y}} as of {{NZ population data 2018|||y}}.{{NZ population data 2018||||y}}
Ever since the conclusion of the [[Otago Gold Rush|Otago Goldrush]] in the 1860s, New Zealand's European population growth has experienced a steady [[Drift to the north|'Northern drift']] as population centres in the North Island have grown faster than those of New Zealand's South Island. This population trend has continued into the twenty-first century, but at a much slower rate. While the North Island population continues to grows faster than the South Island, this is solely due to the North Island having higher natural increase (i.e. births minus deaths) and international migration; since the late 1980s, the internal migration flow has been from the North Island to the South Island.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-26 |title=New Zealand's population is drifting north |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/mythbusters/the-drift-north.aspx |access-date=2021-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150126205920/http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/population/mythbusters/the-drift-north.aspx |archive-date=26 January 2015}}</ref> In the year to June 2020, the North Island gained 21,950 people from natural increase and 62,710 people from international migration, while losing 3,570 people from internal migration.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subnational population component changes and median age (RC, TA), at 30 June 2018-20 (2020 boundaries) |url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE7510 |access-date=2021-02-18 |website=nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz}}</ref>
=== Culture and identity ===
At the [[2018 New Zealand census]], 65.7% of North Islanders identified as of European ethnicity, 18.5% as [[Māori people|Māori]], 17.0% as [[Asian New Zealanders|Asian]], 9.7% as [[Pacific Islander|Pacific Islanders]], 1.6% as Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, and 1.2% as another ethnicity (mainly 'New Zealander'). Totals add to more than 100% since people may identify with multiple ethnicities.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group (detailed total response - level 3) by age and sex, for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB). |url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8321 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz}}</ref>
The proportion of North Islanders born overseas is 29.3%. The most common foreign countries of birth are England (15.4% of overseas-born residents), Mainland China (11.3%), India (10.1%), South Africa (5.9%), Australia (5.5%) and Samoa (5.3%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birthplace (detailed), for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB) |url=http://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8279 |access-date=2021-02-18 |website=nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz}}</ref>
===Cities and towns===
Line 121 ⟶ 120:
There are 30 urban areas in the North Island with a population of 10,000 or more:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|-
Line 250 ⟶ 248:
==Economy==
The sub-national GDP of the North Island was estimated at US$102.863 billion in 2003, 79% of New Zealand's national GDP.<ref>{{cite web |year=2007 |title=Regional Gross Domestic Product |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/reports/analytical-reports/regional-gross-domestic-product.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100520133128/http://www.stats.govt.nz/reports/analytical-reports/regional-gross-domestic-product.aspx |archive-date=20 May 2010 |access-date=18 February 2010 |publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Governance ==
Line 272 ⟶ 270:
Healthcare in the North Island is provided by fifteen [[District Health Board (New Zealand)|District Health Boards (DHBs)]]. Organised around geographical areas of varying population sizes, they are not coterminous with the [[Regions of New Zealand|Local Government Regions]].
{| class=wikitable
! District Health Board !! District !! Population
Line 337 ⟶ 334:
==See also==
*
==References==
Line 343 ⟶ 340:
== External links ==
*
*
{{Regions of New Zealand}}
| |||