Revolt of the Comuneros: Difference between revisions

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Undid revision 1123230944 by 47.61.138.7 (talk) - maybe a more modern way to do it, but that's a mini infobox footnote.
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m Fixing broken anchor: 2021-05-30 #Granada War and the end of Muslim rule in Hispania→Reconquista#Granada War and the end of Muslim rule
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However, with [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella I]]'s death and [[Joanna of Spain|Joanna]]'s accession in 1504, this alliance between the national government and the budding middle class faltered.<ref name="Halp10" /> The Castilian government decayed with each successive administration, becoming rife with corruption.<ref>[[#Hal81|Haliczer 1981]], p. 113.</ref> Joanna's husband, [[Philip I of Castile|Philip I]], reigned briefly; he was replaced by [[Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros|Archbishop Cisneros]] as regent for a short time, and then by Isabella's widower [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] who ruled from Aragon.<ref name="hal151">[[#Hal81|Haliczer 1981]], p. 151.</ref> Ferdinand's claim to continue ruling Castile as regent was somewhat tenuous after Isabella's death, but no plausible alternatives existed as the sovereign, their widowed daughter [[Joanna of Castile|Joanna]], was mentally unfit to reign on her own.<ref name="hal151" /> The landed nobility of Castile took advantage of the weak and corrupt [[Council of Castile|Royal Council]] to illegally expand their territory and domain with private armies while the government did nothing.<ref>[[#Hal81|Haliczer 1981]], p. 66.</ref> In response, the towns signed mutual defense pacts, relying on each other rather than the national government.<ref>[[#Hal81|Haliczer 1981]], p. 93.</ref>
 
The budgets of both Castile and Aragon had been in poor condition for some time. The government had [[Alhambra Decree|expelled the Jews]] in 1492 and the [[Morisco|Muslims of Granada]] in 1502, moves that undercut lucrative trades and businesses.<ref>[[#Hal81|Haliczer 1981]], p. 147. The [[silk]] industry is held up as particularly relevant, as the Moors had been deeply involved in it; more generally, many Muslim converts to Christianity who had not been expelled still emigrated from 1500 onward.</ref> Ferdinand and Isabella had been forced to borrow money to pay troops during and after the [[Reconquista#Granada War and the end of Muslim rule in Hispania|Reconquista]], and Spanish military obligations had only increased since then.<ref name="hal147">[[#Hal81|Haliczer 1981]], p. 147.</ref> A large number of troops were required to maintain stability in recently conquered [[Emirate of Granada|Granada]], threatened by revolt from the maltreated [[morisco]]s (former Muslims who had converted to Christianity) and frequent [[Barbary pirate|naval raids]] from Muslim nations along the Mediterranean.<ref name="hal163">[[#Hal81|Haliczer 1981]], p. 163.</ref> Additionally, Ferdinand had [[Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre|invaded and occupied the Iberian part of Navarre]] in 1512, and forces were required to garrison it against Navarrese revolts and French armies.<ref>[[#Hal81|Haliczer 1981]], p. 145.</ref> Very little money was left to pay for the royal army in Castile proper, let alone service foreign debts. The corruption in the government since Isabella's death only made the budget shortfalls worse.<ref name="hal147" />
 
===Succession of Charles===