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In 1933, under Capitan Warlela, systematic [[cadastral]] surveys of Spain were carried out using modern methods of [[aerial photography]]. The following year Spanish engineer [[Juan de la Cierva]] took off and landed on [[Spanish seaplane carrier Dédalo|seaplane carrier ''Dédalo'']] with his [[autogyro]] C-30P. In 1934 Commander [[Eduardo Sáenz de Buruaga]] became new chief-commander of the air force. On the same year a major restructuring of the Spanish military air wing took place.<ref name="Relación orgánica"/>
Following a Government decree dated 2 October 1935, the ''Dirección General de Aeronáutica'' was placed under the authority of the War Ministry, ''Ministerio de la Guerra'', instead of under the [[
Five years after the proclamation of the Spanish republic, a section of the [[Spanish Republican Army|Republican Army]] in [[Spanish Morocco]] rebelled under the orders of General [[Francisco Franco]]. The rebellion succeeded only in fractioning Spain and Franco went ahead and began a bloody war of attrition, the Spanish Civil War.
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The ''Escuadrilla España'' or ''Escuadra España'', Squadron España, {{lang-fr|Escadrille Espagne}}, also known as ''Escuadrilla Internacional'', was a Spanish Republican Air Force unit organized by French writer [[André Malraux]]. Even though it was largely ineffective, this squadron became something of a legend after the writer's claims of nearly annihilating part of the rebel army in the [[Battle of the Sierra Guadalupe]] at [[Medellín (Spain)|Medellín]], [[Extremadura]]. The ''Escuadrilla España'' reached a maximum of 130 members and would fly a total of 23 combat missions before it was wrapped up in February 1937.
During the 1930s, André Malraux was active in the [[anti-fascist]] [[Popular Front (France)|Popular Front]] in France. Upon hearing the news of General Franco's rebellion that marked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, he put himself at the service of the Spanish Republic. Despite opposition from French
The French planes, however, were not up to the enemy aircraft. The slow [[Potez 540]], some of them badly equipped,<ref>[http://usuarios.multimania.es/mrodval/GC181401.HTM Spanish Potez 540]</ref> rarely survived three months of air missions, reaching only about 80 knots against enemy fighters flying at more than 250 knots.<ref>[http://www.airaces.narod.ru/spane/desnitsk.htm Air Aces - Semyon Desnitsky]</ref> Few of the fighters proved to be airworthy, and were delivered intentionally without guns or gun-sights. The French Ministry of Defense had feared that modern types of planes would easily be captured by the Germans fighting for Franco, and the lesser models were a way of maintaining official "neutrality".<ref>Cate, p.235</ref> In the end the French planes were surpassed by more modern types introduced in late 1936 on both sides and their fate was that many of them crashed or were shot down. The crash of Spanish Republican Air Force serial '[[Ñ]]' Potez 540 plane that was shot down by rebel planes over the [[Sierra de Gúdar]] range of the [[Sistema Ibérico]] near [[Valdelinares]] inspired André Malraux to make his ''[[L'espoir (film)|L'espoir]]'' movie.
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== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100925145911/http://www.ejercitodelaire.mde.es/ea/pag?idDoc=684308D600241B20C125746C0026797F Ejército del Aire, how to get to the
*[http://www.aire.org/museo/ Museo del Aire de Madrid non-official page] {{in lang|es}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LkfeG6fYmW0 Polikarpovs dans la guerre d'Espagne]
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