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| publisher= [[Le Monde Diplomatique]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| doi = 10.3917/crii.044.0165
| issn = 1777-554X | volume = 44 | issue = 3| pages = 165| last = Peretz| first = Pauline
| title = Philippe Droz-Vincent Vertiges de la puissance : le " moment américain " au Moyen-Orient Paris, La Découverte, 2007, 370 pages.| journal = Critique Internationale| year = 2009| doi-access = free}}</ref>
[[Martin Jacques]] refers to the Middle East as being under the US 'sphere of influence'. However this is being challenged by the presence and growth of [[Iran]], Russia, and [[China]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=When china rules the world : the end of the western world and the birth of a new global order|last=Jacques, Martin.|date=2014|publisher=Penguin Books|isbn=9781101151457|oclc=883334381}}</ref> Moreover, the US efforts to expand influence into the Middle East, especially with the [[Syrian Civil War]], [[Iraq War]], and [[Afghanistan War (2001-)|Afghanistan War]], have been failing, with 'disastrous' results.<ref name=":1" />
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