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Line 1: {{Short description\|Oblast of the Russian Empire}}~~{{Infobox settlement~~ {{italic title\|string=oblast}} {{Infobox settlement \| name = Batum Oblast \| extinct_date = 3 March 1918 Line 26 ⟶ 28: \| population_rural = 87.98% }} The '''Batum Oblast'''{{efn\|{{bulleted list\|{{Lang-ru\|Бату́мская о́бласть\|translit=Batúmskaya óblast}}\|{{lang-tr\|Batum Oblastı}}\|{{lang-ka\|ბათუმის ოლქი\|tr}}}}}} was a province (''[[oblast]]'') of the [[Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917)\|Caucasus Viceroyalty]] of the [[Russian Empire]], with the [[Black Sea]] port of Batum (present-day [[Batumi]]) as its administrative center. The Batum Oblast roughly corresponded to most of present-day southwestern [[Georgia (country)\|Georgia]], and part of the [[Artvin Province]] of [[Turkey]].{{sfn\|Tsutsiev\|2014}} ==History== The Batum Oblast was created out of the territories of the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s [[Batum Sanjak]], following the region's annexation into the [[Russian Empire]] in the aftermath of the [[Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)\|1878 Russo-Turkish War]]. Established in 1878, the Batum Oblast was later downgraded to an okrug in 1883 and incorporated into the Kutais Governorate (until 1903). Established in 1878, the Batum Oblast was later downgraded to an okrug in 1883 and incorporated into the Kutais Governorate (until 1903).<ref>{{Citation\|last=Tsutsiev\|first=Arthur\|title=Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus\|date=2014\|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/884858065\|pages=38\|place=New Haven and London\|isbn=978-0-300-15308-8\|oclc=884858065\|access-date=2021-12-25}}</ref> According to the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]], the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic\|Russian SFSR]] ceded the Batum Oblast to the Ottoman Empire, however, the [[Transcaucasian Seim]], the authority in [[Transcaucasia]] by 1918, rejected the treaty, opting to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire on its own terms. Such action led to the former's dissolution and the subsequent [[Treaty of Batum]], which resulted in the inevitable reannexation of Batum to the Ottoman Empire. Line 40: == Administrative divisions == The districts (''[[okrug]]s'') of the Black Sea Governorate in 1917 were as follows:<ref name=":1" /~~><ref name=":0"~~>{{~~Cite book~~ sfn\|~~url=https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 \|title=~~Кавказский календарь на 1917 год \|~~publisher=Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom \|year=1917 \|edition=72nd \|location= \|publication-place=Tiflis \|pages~~pp=182–185 ~~\|language=Russian \|trans-title=Caucasian calendar for 1917 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104233151/https://www.prlib.ru/item/417322 \|archive-date=4 November 2021~~}}~~</ref>~~ {\| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" \|District Line 68: ==Demographics== === Russian Empire ~~census (1897)~~Census === According to the [[Russian Empire Census~~\|Russian Empire census~~]] ~~of 1897~~, the Batum Oblast (at the time part of the Kutaisi Governorate) had a population of 144,584 on {{OldStyleDate\|28 January\|1897\|15 January}}, including 82,213 men and 62,371 women. The plurality of the population indicated [[Georgian language\|Georgian]] to be their mother tongue, with significant [[Turkish language\|Turkish]], [[Armenian language\|Armenian]] and [[Russian language\|Russian]] speaking minorities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. \|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=447 \|access-date=2022-03-26 \|website=www.demoscope.ru}}</ref> {\| class="wikitable sortable" \|+Linguistic composition of the Batum Oblast in 1897<ref name=":1" /> Line 132: \| align="right" \|0.25 \|- \|Tatar{{Caucasian Tatars}} ~~\|Tatar{{efn\|Later known as [[Azerbaijani language\|Azerbaijani]].}}~~ \| align="right" \|355 \| align="right" \|0.25 Line 186: === Caucasian Calendar (1917) === According to the 1917 publication of ~~the~~ ''~~Caucasian~~[[Kavkazskiy ~~Calendar~~kalendar]]'', the Batum Oblast had a population of 122,811 ~~residents~~on in{{OldStyleDate\|14 January\|1916\|1 January}}, including 66,808 men and 56,003 women, 95,292 of whom were the permanent population, and 27,519 were temporary residents:~~<ref~~{{sfn\|Кавказский ~~name=":0"~~календарь />на 1917 год\|pp=182–185}} {\| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" \|Nationality Line 224: \| align="right" \|11.68 \|- \|[[Russians]] ~~\|[[Russians]]{{Efn\|The ''Caucasian Calendar'' did not distinguish between [[Russians]], [[Ukrainians]], and [[Belarusians]].}}~~ \| align="right" \|5,042 \| align="right" \|18.66 Line 248: \| align="right" \|0.79 \|- \|[[Shia Muslims]]{{Efn\|Primarily Tatars,.{{sfn\|Hovannisian\|1971\|p=67~~}} later known as [[Azerbaijanis]].{{sfn\|Bournoutian\|2015\|p=35~~}}}} \| align="right" \|529 \| align="right" \|1.96 Line 312: == Bibliography == {{Refbegin}} {{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}} {{Cite journal \|last=Bournoutian \|first=George \|date=2015 \|title=Demographic Changes in the Southwest Caucasus, 1604–1830: The Case of Historical Eastern Armenia \|journal=Forum of EthnoGeoPolitics \|location=Amsterdam \|volume=3 \|issue=2 \|authorlink=George Bournoutian}} {{Cite The Republic of Armenia Volume 1}} {{cite book \|last=Hovannisian \|first=Richard G. \|author-link=Richard G. Hovannisian \|title=The Republic of Armenia \|publisher=University of California Press \|year=1971 \|isbn=0-520-01805-2 \|volume=1 \|location=Berkeley}} {{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1913}} {{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}} *{{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}} {{Refend}}

Batum oblast: Difference between revisions