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Related to video game content (particularly violence), gaming addiction, and online harassment, there is ongoing concern that video games may have a negative impact on the development of children. Video games are commonly marketed towards younger audiences, and in a 2008 [[Pew Research Center]] study, 97% of teenagers from ages 12 to 17 played video games, with games featuring violent content generally among the preferred types of games these minors played.<ref name="Harvard 2010"/> Many of the studies related to linking violence and gambling addiction to video games are performed in consideration of how younger minds can be more susceptible to the possible effects. There has also been studies to try to consider positive effects of video games on youth development, since they encourage cognitive skills and thinking and cooperative participation.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Adachi | first1 = Paul JC | first2 = Teena | last2 = Willoughby | title = The link between playing video games and positive youth outcomes | journal = [[Child Development Perspectives]] | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | year = 2017 | pages = 202–206 | doi = 10.1111/cdep.12232 }}</ref>
Some countries have adopted laws or regulations to limit minors' access to video games. Most notably is China, which was the first country to classify video games as having potentially addictive measures in 2008.<ref name=":112">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/08/14/a-teen-checked-into-an-internet-addiction-camp-in-china-he-was-dead-two-days-later/|title=A teen checked into an Internet-addiction camp in China. He was dead two days later.|last1=Wang|first1=Amy B.|date=2017-08-14|newspaper=Washington Post|access-date=2018-02-20|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Since 2005, China has passed regulations that are aimed to regulate how long a minor can play a video game, with new regulations imposing more stricter means to track this. As of 2019, the current Chinese law limits minors to 90 minutes of video games each weekday, and three hours on weekends.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/89ea206a-13f3-11da-af53-00000e2511c8|title=China moves to zap online game addiction|date=2005-08-23|website=Financial Times|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/06/business/china-video-game-ban-young.html | title = 90 Minutes a Day, Until 10 p.m.: China Sets Rules for Young Gamers | first1 = Javier C. | last1 = Hernández | first2= Albee | last2= Zhang | date = November 6, 2019 | access-date = November 6, 2019 | work = [[The New York Times]] }}</ref> Other countries enforce content limits for video games that may be purchased by minors. The [[Australian Classification Board]]'s content ratings have legal weight, preventing games that are refused classification from being sold and requiring strict checks on a purchaser's age for those given a rating of MA15+, R18+, or X18+.<ref name="cats explained">{{cite web |title=Information for Parents: Classification categories explained |publisher=Australian Classification Board |url=http://www.classification.gov.au/Public/Resources/Pages/Parents.aspx |access-date=9 May 2015 |archive-date=29 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029114513/http://www.classification.gov.au/Public/Resources/Pages/Parents.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Fact Sheets">{{cite web |last=Clare |first=Jason (Minister for Justice) |title=Guidelines for the Classification of Films 2012 |date=10 December 2012 |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2012L02541 |access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref> Germany's ''[[Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle]]'' also has similar restrictions on retail of games that are considered harmful to minors. Otherwise, these content rating systems are used as guidelines that are otherwise not directly enforceable, but typically still practiced in retail to prevent direct sale of mature titles to minors. For example, with the U.S.'s [[ESRB]] system, retailers generally will check age identification before selling M (mature) rated games to minors, and will refuse to stock AO (Adults Only) games.<ref name="ars-esrblaw">{{cite web | url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2008/05/id-please-bill-would-mandate-carding-for-m-rated-game-buys/ | title=ID, please: Bill would mandate carding for M-rated game buys | publisher=Condé Nast Publications | work=Ars Technica | date=8 May 2008 | access-date=November 22, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225912/http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2008/05/id-please-bill-would-mandate-carding-for-m-rated-game-buys/ | archive-date=December 2, 2013 | url-status=live}}</ref>
Other options to monitor and regulation video game playing by youth are given through [[parental control]]s implemented in hardware or software. According to the [[Entertainment Software Association]] (ESA) and the [[Entertainment Software Rating Board]] (ESRB), parents believe that parental controls on gaming consoles are useful.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theesa.com/facts/pdfs/ESA_EF_2013.pdf|title=Essential Facts about the Computer and Video Game Industry|publisher=Entertainment Software Association|year=2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141126082602/https://www.theesa.com/facts/pdfs/ESA_EF_2013.pdf|archive-date=26 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Parents have resources they can use to gain more knowledge about the media that their children are consuming. Researchers of video game violence, Dr. Cheryl Olson and Dr. Lawrence Kutner, have compiled a list of advice for parents who want to better monitor their children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grandtheftchildhood.com/GTC/For_Parents.html|title=Advice For Parents|website=Grandtheftchildhood.com|access-date=17 February 2015|archive-date=24 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824224618/http://www.grandtheftchildhood.com/GTC/For_Parents.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The Entertainment Software Rating Board provides easy access to the ratings of a large database of video games.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esrb.org/index-js.jsp|title=ESRB ratings|website=Esrb.com|access-date=17 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216204151/http://www.esrb.org/index-js.jsp|archive-date=16 February 2015}}</ref> Common Sense Media is database which shows the ratings of movies, games, TV shows, and other media. For each piece of media, it lists a suggested age rating, and scales that measure positive messages, language, violence, drug use, and consumerism. It also provides a summary of the content of the media from a fellow-parent's perspective.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.commonsensemedia.org/game-reviews/grand-theft-auto-v|title=Grand Theft Auto V|website=Commonsensemedia.org|date=17 September 2013|access-date=17 February 2015|archive-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109051110/https://www.commonsensemedia.org/game-reviews/grand-theft-auto-v|url-status=live}}</ref> The ESRB's website states that "Our rating system was established with the help of child development and academic experts, based on an analysis of other rating systems and what kind of information is valuable to parents. We found that consumers respond best to an age-based rating system that includes information about the content of a game. As games evolved, we found that parents place equal importance on understanding the ways in which some [video] games are played, such as interacting with others online and spending money on in-game items."<ref>{{Cite web|title=About|website=ESRB Ratings |url=https://www.esrb.org/about/|access-date=2020-03-10|archive-date=2020-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310121157/https://www.esrb.org/about/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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