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The name of ʿAṯtar was suffixed with a mimation in the South Arabian [[Kingdom of Hadhramaut|kingdom of Ḥaḍramawt]], thus giving the [[Hadramautic language|Ḥaḑramitic]] form {{lang|xhd|𐩲𐩯𐩩𐩧𐩣}} ({{transl|am|{{sc|ʿśtrm}}}}).{{sfn|Lipiński|2006|page=413}}
Within [[South Arabian polytheism]], and ʿAṯtar held a supreme position within the cosmology of the ancient South Arabians as the god presiding over the whole world, always appeared first in lists, and had various manifestations with their own epithets.{{sfn|Hoyland|2002|page=140-141}} The rulers of the ancient South Arabian states would offer ritual banquets in honour of ʿAṯtar, with the banquet being paid for from the tithe offered to the god by the populace.{{sfn|Hoyland|2002|page=136-137}}
The patron deity of the Qatabānians, however, was the Moon-god, variously called {{lang|xqt|𐩲𐩣}} ([['Amm|{{transl|xqt|ʿAmm}}]], in [[Qataban|Qatabān]]) or {{lang|xhd|𐪊𐪚𐩬}} ({{transl|xhd|Sayīn}}, in [[Kingdom of Hadhramaut|Ḥaḍramawt]]), who was seen as being closer to the people compared to the more distant figure of ʿAṯtar, and the people of these states consequently called themselves the children of their respective Moon-god.{{sfn|Van Beek|1997a}}{{sfn|Van Beek|1997b}}{{sfn|Hoyland|2002|page=140-141}}{{sfn|Bryce|2009|page=272}}
==== The hunter god ====
The South Arabian ʿAṯtar was a hunter god, and the ancient South Arabians performed ritual hunts in his honour as fertility rites with the goal of making the rain fall. The chosen prey during these hunts were probably gazelles, which were sacred to ʿAṯtar.{{sfn|Lipiński|2000|pages=607-613}}{{sfn|Lipiński|1995|pages=128-154}}
This hunter aspect of ʿAṯtar also present in his Northwest Semitic feminine variant, who is called {{lang|uga|{{script|Ugar|𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚𐎟𐎕𐎆𐎄𐎚}}}} ({{transl|uga|ʿAṯtart ṣawwādatu}}, {{lit|ʿAṯtart the huntress}}) in one passage of an Ugaritic text. The Sabaic hallowed phrase {{lang|xsa|{{script|Sarb|𐩺𐩥𐩣 𐩮𐩵 𐩮𐩺𐩵 𐩲𐩻𐩩𐩧}}}} ({{transl|xsa|ywm ṣd ṣyd ʿṯtr}}, {{lit|the day when he performed the hunt for ʿAṯtar}}) itself had a parallel in a reference to {{lang|akk|{{cuneiform||𒄿𒈾 𒌋𒐋 𒌓𒈪 𒍝𒁺 𒊭 𒀭𒀸𒁯}}}} ({{transl|akk|ina 16 umi ṣadu ša [[Dingir|ᴰ]]Aštart}}, {{lit|on the 16th day is the hunt of ʿAṯtart}}) in a text from [[Emar]].{{sfn|Lipiński|1995|pages=128-154}}
==== {{transl|xsa|Kirrūm}} ====
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==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Bryce |first=Trevor |author-link=Trevor R. Bryce |date=2009 |title=The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: From the Early Bronze Age to the Fall of the Persian Empire |url= |location=[[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-39485-7 }}
*{{citation|last1= Frayne|first1= Douglas R.|last2=Stuckey|first2=Johanna H.|year=2021|title=A Handbook of Gods and Goddesses of the Ancient Near East: Three Thousand Deities of Anatolia, Syria, Israel, Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria, and Elam|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=lKUeEAAAQBAJ&dq=ares+attar+god&pg=PT290|publisher=Penn State University Press|isbn= 9781646021277}}.
*{{cite book|last=George|first=Andrew R.|title=House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia|publisher=Eisenbrauns|publication-place=Winona Lake|year=1993|isbn=0-931464-80-3|oclc=27813103}}
*{{cite book |last=Hoyland |first=Robert G. |author-link=Robert G. Hoyland |date=2002 |title=Arabia and the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to the Coming of Islam |url=https://archive.org/details/ARABIAANDTHEARABSFromTheBronzeAgeToTheComingOfIslamRobertG.Hoyland |location=[[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-134-64634-0 }}
* {{cite book |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lipiński (orientalist) |date=1975 |title=Studies in Aramaic Inscriptions and Onomastics |volume=1 |series=Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta |url= |location=[[Leuven]], [[Belgium]] |publisher=[[Leuven University Press]] |isbn=978-9-061-86019-8 }}
* {{cite book |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lipiński (orientalist) |date=1995 |title=Dieux et déesses de l'univers phénicien et punique |trans-title=Gods and Goddesses of the Phoenician and Punic Universe |language=fr |volume=64 |series=Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta |url= |location=[[Leuven]], [[Belgium]] |publisher=[[Leuven University Press]] |isbn=978-9-068-31690-2 }}
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* {{cite book |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lipiński (orientalist) |date=2006 |title=On the Skirts of Canaan in the Iron Age: Historical and Topographical Researches |series=Orientalia Lovaniensia analecta |volume=153 |location=[[Leuven]], [[Belgium]] |publisher=[[Peeters Publishers]] |page= |isbn=978-9-042-91798-9 }}
*{{cite book|last=Tugendhaft|first=Aaron|editor-last=Grafton|editor-first=Anthony|editor-last2=Most|editor-first2=Glenn W.|title=Canonical Texts and Scholarly Practices|chapter=Gods on clay: Ancient Near Eastern scholarly practices and the history of religions|chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/28102179|date=2016|page=164 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|publication-place=Cambridge|doi=10.1017/cbo9781316226728.009}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Dever |editor-first1=William G. |editor-link1=William G. Dever |editor-last2=Meyers |editor-first2=Carol L. |editor-link2=Carol Meyers |editor-last3=Muhly |editor-first3=James D. |editor-link3= |editor-last4=Pardee |editor-first4=Dennis |editor-link4= |editor-last5=Sauer |editor-first5=James A. |editor-link5= |editor-last6=Finney |editor-first6=Paul Corby |editor-link6= |editor-last7=Jorgensen |editor-first7=John S. |editor-link7= |title=Ḥadhramaut |encyclopedia=[[The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East]] |year=1997a |last=Van Beek |first=Gus W. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=[[Oxford]], [[United Kingdom]]; [[New York City]], [[United States]] |volume=2 |pages=452-453 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |editor-last1=Meyers |editor-first1=Eric M. |editor-link1=Eric M. Meyers |editor-last2=Dever |editor-first2=William G. |editor-link2=William G. Dever |editor-last3=Meyers |editor-first3=Carol L. |editor-link3=Carol Meyers |editor-last4=Muhly |editor-first4=James D. |editor-link4= |editor-last5=Pardee |editor-first5=Dennis |editor-link5= |editor-last6=Sauer |editor-first6=James A. |editor-link6= |editor-last7=Finney |editor-first7=Paul Corby |editor-link7= |editor-last8=Jorgensen |editor-first8=John S. |editor-link8= |title=Qataban |encyclopedia=[[The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East]] |volume=4 |date=1997b |last=Van Beek |first=Gus W. |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=[[Oxford]], [[United Kingdom]]; [[New York City]], [[United States]] |pages=383-384 |isbn=978-0-195-06512-1 }}
*{{cite journal|last=Archi|first=Alfonso|title=Studies in the Ebla Pantheon II|journal=Orientalia|publisher=GBPress - Gregorian Biblical Press|volume=66|issue=4|year=1997|issn=0030-5367|jstor=43078145|pages=414–425|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/43078145|access-date=2022-03-09}}
*{{cite journal|last=Ayali-Darshan|first=Noga|title=The Role of Aštabi in the Song of Ullikummi and the Eastern Mediterranean "Failed God" Stories|url=https://www.academia.edu/44462602|journal=Journal of Near Eastern Studies|publisher=University of Chicago Press|volume=73|issue=1|year=2014|issn=0022-2968|doi=10.1086/674665|pages=95–103|s2cid=163770018 }}
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