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{{Campaignbox Cyprus dispute}}
The '''1974 Cypriot coup d'état''' was a military [[coup d'état]] sponsored by the [[Greek Army]] in [[Cyprus]], the [[Cypriot National Guard]] and the [[Greek junta|Greek military junta]]. On 15 July 1974 the coup plotters removed the sitting President of Cyprus, Archbishop [[Makarios III]] from office and installed pro-[[Enosis]] nationalist [[Nikos Sampson]].<ref name=Mallinson/><ref name="TIME">{{Cite magazine |title=CYPRUS: Big Troubles over a Small Island |date=July 29, 1974 |magazine=[[TIME]] |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911440,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307152514/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,911440,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 7, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Cook | first = Chris |author2= Diccon Bewes | title = What Happened Where: A Guide to Places and Events in Twentieth-century History | publisher = Routledge | year = 1997 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=FuGrcgcOiXoC | isbn = 978-1-85728-533-8| page = 65 }}</ref> The Sampson regime was described as a [[puppet state]], whose ultimate aim was the annexation of the island by Greece;<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Papadakis|first1=Yiannis|title=Nation, narrative and commemoration: political ritual in divided Cyprus|journal=History and Anthropology|date=2003|volume=14|issue=3|pages=253–270|doi=10.1080/0275720032000136642|s2cid=143231403|quote="[...] culminating in the 1974 coup aimed at the annexation of Cyprus to Greece"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Atkin|first1=Nicholas|last2=Biddiss|first2=Michael|last3=Tallett|first3=Frank|title=The Wiley-Blackwell Dictionary of Modern European History Since 1789|isbn=9781444390728|page=184|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1QyXCTW_MCQC|date=2011-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of international law and practice, Volume 5|date=1996|publisher=Detroit College of Law at Michigan State University|pages=204}}</ref> in the short term, the coupists proclaimed the establishment of the "Hellenic Republic of Cyprus".<ref>''Strategic review, Volume 5'' (1977), United States Strategic Institute, [https://books.google.com/books?id=hCfcAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Hellenic+Republic+of+Cyprus%22
== Background ==
The [[Republic of Cyprus]] was established in 1960 with the [[London and Zurich Agreements]], and the [[Greek Cypriots]] and [[Turkish Cypriots]] were the two founding communities. However, following constitutional [[13 Amendments proposed by Makarios III|amendments]] that were proposed by Makarios III and rejected by Turkish Cypriots,<ref name="country12">[http://countrystudies.us/cyprus/12.htm Eric Solsten, ed. ''Cyprus: A Country Study''], Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 1991.</ref> [[Cypriot intercommunal violence|intercommunal violence]] erupted throughout the island, the Turkish Cypriot representation in the government ended partially due to forced prevention and partially due to willing withdrawal, and Turkish Cypriots started living in [[Turkish Cypriot enclaves|enclaves]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ker-Lindsay|first1=James|title=The Cyprus Problem: What Everyone Needs to Know|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199757169|pages=35–6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xTL382g5sWwC}}</ref>
Greece had established a national policy of ''[[enosis]]'' to achieve the island's union with Greece since the 1950s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Huth|first1=Paul|title=Standing Your Ground: Territorial Disputes and International Conflict|date=2009|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=9780472022045|page=206|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIAc-R5fgQoC|quote=From early 1950s onward Greece has favored union with Cyprus through a policy of enosis}}</ref> After 1964, the Greek government tried to control Makarios' policies, and following his unwillingness to obey Athens, attempted to destabilize his government. While the Greek policy shifted to a more cooperative one after 1967, when an extremist military junta [[Greek military junta of 1967–1974|took power in Greece]], it supported the far-right [[EOKA-B]] group against Makarios.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Doyle|first1=Michael W.|last2=Sambanis|first2=Nicholas|title=Making War and Building Peace: United Nations Peace Operations|date=2011|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=9781400837694|pages=263–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aiU--drvaxgC&q=1967+ultranationalist+greece&pg=PA265}}</ref> [[Dimitrios Ioannidis]], the ''de facto'' leader of the junta, believed that Makarios was no longer a true supporter of enosis, and suspected him of being a communist sympathizer.<ref name="TIME"/> Between 1971 and 1974, five plans were prepared by the Greek government to overthrow Makarios' government.<ref>Athanasopulos 2001, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QnlyjuKJa8YC
== The coup ==
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