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[[File:Pedro II of Brazil and his sisters 1839.JPG|thumb|upright|Emperor [[Pedro II of Brazil]] with his sisters Princesses [[Princess Francisca of Brazil|Francisca]] and [[Princess Januária of Brazil|Januária]], 1839]]
Birth order is a person's rank by age among his or her siblings. Typically, researchers classify siblings as "eldest", "middle child", and "youngest" or simply distinguish between "firstborn" and "
Birth order is commonly believed in [[pop psychology]] and popular culture to have a profound and lasting effect on psychological development and [[Personality psychology|personality]]. For example, firstborns are seen as conservative and high achieving, middle children as natural mediators, and youngest children as charming and outgoing. Despite its lasting presence in the public domain, studies have failed to consistently produce clear, valid, and compelling findings. Therefore, it has earned the title of a [[Pseudoscience|pseudo-psychology]] amongst the scientific psychological community.<ref name="Psychology Around Us">{{cite book|last1=Comer|first1=Ronald|last2=Gould|first2=Elizabeth|last3=Ogden|first3=Nancy|last4=Boyes|first4=Michael|title=Psychology Around Us|url=https://archive.org/details/psychologyaround0000come|url-access=registration|date=February 2012|publisher=Wiley}}</ref>
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