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[[Australia]]Although legally has no [[official language]]. However, [[English language|English]] is by farnot the [[commonofficial language|most commonlyof spoken]]Australia andin haslaw, beenit entrenched asis the ''[[de facto]]'' [[nationalofficial language]]and sincenational [[History of Australia (1788–1850)|European settlement]]language.<ref name="languagelanguage2">{{citeCite web |title=Pluralist Nations: Pluralist Language Policies? |url=httpshttp://www.dssimmi.gov.au/our-responsibilitiesmedia/settlement-and-multicultural-affairspublications/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/programs-and-publicationsconfer/1995-global-cultural-diversity-conference-proceedings-sydney04/culture-education-and-language/pluralist-nations-pluralist-languagespeech18b.htm |title=Pluralist Nations: Pluralist Language Policies? |work=1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney |publisher=[[Department of Social Services (Australia)|Department of Social Services]] |accessurl-datestatus=10 July 2017dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220020910/http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/multicultural/confer/04/speech18b.htm |archive-date=20 December 2008 |urlaccess-statusdate=dead11 January 2009 |dfwork=dmy1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney |publisher=[[Department of Immigration and Citizenship]]}} "English has no de jure status but it is so entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the official language as well as the national language."</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=Rowena |date=2019 |title=‘National’ and ‘Official’ Languages Across the Independent Asia-Pacific |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/portalv16i1/2.6510 |journal=Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies |volume=16 |issue=1/2 |pages=83-4 |quote=The use of English in Australia is one example of both a de facto national and official language: it is widely used and is the language of government and the courts, but has never been legally designated as the country’s official language.}}</ref> [[Australian English]] is a major variety of the English language with a distinctive [[pronunciation]]accent and [[lexicon]],<ref>{{citeCite web |last=Moore |first=Bruce |title=The Vocabulary Of Australian English |url=http://www.nma.gov.au/libraries/attachments/exhibitions/vocabulary_of_australian_english/files/5471/Vocabulary%20of%20Australian%20English.pdf |title=The Vocabulary Of Australian English |last=Moore |first=Bruce |publisher=National Museum of Australia |access-date=5 April 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320004658/http://www.nma.gov.au/libraries/attachments/exhibitions/vocabulary_of_australian_english/files/5471/Vocabulary%20of%20Australian%20English.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=5 April 2010 |publisher=National Museum of Australia}}</ref> and differs slightly from other [[varieties of English]] in [[grammar]] and [[spelling]].<ref name="Fourth Edition 200520052">"The Macquarie Dictionary", Fourth Edition. The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd, 2005.</ref> The[[General primaryAustralian]] dialectserves spokenas inthe australiastandard isdialect.<ref>{{Cite knownweb as|last=Lalande [[General|first=Line |date=4 May 2020 |title=Australian]] English in a nutshell |url=https://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/en/blogue-blog/australian-english-eng |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref>
According to the [[2021 Australian census|2021 census]], English is the only language spoken in the home for 72% of the population. The ten next most common languages spoken at home are:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://profile.id.com.au/australia/language | title=Language spoken at home | Australia | Community profile }}</ref> [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] (2.7%), [[Arabic language|Arabic]] (1.4%), [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] (1.3%), [[Cantonese]] (1.2%), [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (0.9%), [[Greek language|Greek]] (0.9%), [[Italian language|Italian]] (0.9%), [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (0.9%), [[Hindi]] (0.8%) and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (0.7%). A considerable proportion of [[first-generation immigrant|first-]] and [[immigrant generations#Second generation|second-generation]] [[immigrant]]s are [[bilingual]] or even [[multilingual]].
In 2018, it was reported that one million people in Australia could not speak English.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.northernstar.com.au/news/turnbull-government-may-introduce-english-test-for/3441552/|title=Almost 1m Aussies can't speak English|newspaper=Daily Telegraph|date=13 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.justlanded.com/english/Australia/Australia-Guide/Language/Language|title=Language}}</ref>
Over 250 [[Australian Aboriginal languages]] are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Australian Government, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications |url=https://www.arts.gov.au/what-we-do/indigenous-arts-and-languages/indigenous-languages-and-arts-program/national-indigenous-languages-report |title=National Indigenous Languages Report |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |year=2020 |location=Canberra |pages=13}}</ref> The National Indigenous Languages Survey (NILS) for 2018-19 found that more than 120 Indigenous language varieties were in use or being revived, although 70 of those in use were endangered.<ref>National Indigenous Language Report (2020). pp. 42, 65</ref> The 2021 census found that 167 Indigenous languages were spoken at home by 76,978 Indigenous Australians.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Census |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-people-census/2021 |access-date=7 May 2023 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> NILS and the Australian Bureau of Statistics use different classifications for Indigenous Australian languages.<ref>National Indigenous Languages Report (2020). p. 46</ref>
Over two hundred and fifty [[Indigenous Australian languages]] are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact, of which fewer than twenty are still in modern daily use by all age groups.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2011/08/a-mission-to-save-indigenous-languages/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131224075354/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/news/2011/08/a-mission-to-save-indigenous-languages/|archive-date= 24 December 2013| title=A mission to save indigenous languages|date= 19 August 2011| publisher=Australian Geographic|access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="nilsr" /> About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people.<ref name="nilsr">{{cite web|url=http://arts.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/nils-report-2005.pdf |title=National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 |publisher=Department of Communications, Information Technology and the Arts |access-date=5 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709141342/http://www.arts.gov.au/indigenous/national_indigenous_languages_survey_report_2005 |archive-date=9 July 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref> At the time of the 2006 census, 52,000 Indigenous Australians, representing 12% of the Indigenous population, reported that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4713.0 |title=4713.0 – Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006 |last=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=4 May 2010 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |location=Canberra |access-date=7 December 2010}}</ref>
AustraliaThe isAustralian homesign tolanguage manyknown as [[ sign languageAuslan]] s, thewas mostused widespreadat ofhome whichby is known as [[Auslan]]16, 242 whichpeople isat the main languagetime of aboutthe 5,5002021 peoplecensus.<ref>{{ citeCite web | url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttypetitle=Census %20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=POTLD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Language& |title=20680-Languageof SpokenPopulation atand HomeHousing: (fullCultural classificationdiversity list)data bysummary, Sex2021, –TABLE Australia5. |last=AustralianLANGUAGE BureauUSED ofAT StatisticsHOME |date=27BY JuneSTATE 2007AND TERRITORY | workurl= 2006 Census Tables https: Australia//www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/people-and-communities/cultural-diversity-census/2021#data-downloads | locationaccess-date= Canberra7 May 2021 | publisherwebsite=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=7 December 2010}}</ref> Other sign languages include the various [[Australian Aboriginal sign languages|manual Indigenous languages]] like [[Akitiri Sign Language|Eltye eltyarrenke]], [[Warlpiri Sign Language|Rdaka-rdaka]] and [[Yolŋu Sign Language]]. Lastly, there is a small community of people who speak [[Australian Irish Sign Language]] (AISL), a [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] language related to [[French Sign Language]] rather than being a [[BANZSL|Banzsl]] language like Auslan.<ref>{{cite web |title=austririshsign-adam-0376 |url=https://www.elararchive.org/uncategorized/SO_9c3cfc02-f7c0-4571-8e5e-5e5983ebd5a8/ |website=Endangered Languages Archive |access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Australian Irish Sign Language: a minority sign language within a larger sign language community |url=https://cultureincrisis.org/projects/australian-irish-sign-language-a-minority-sign-language-within-a-larger-sign-language-community |website=Culture in Crisis |access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref> ▼On [[Norfolk Island]], the [[Norfuk language]] has official status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.info.gov.nf/legislation/NumberedActs/2004/NorfolkIslandLanguage(Norf%27k)Act2004.doc |title=Archived copy |website=www.info.gov.nf |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725040011/http://www.info.gov.nf/legislation/NumberedActs/2004/NorfolkIslandLanguage(Norf%27k)Act2004.doc |archive-date=25 July 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ▼
▲On [[Norfolk Island]], the [[Norfuk language]] has official status.<ref>{{cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.info.gov.nf/legislation/NumberedActs/2004/NorfolkIslandLanguage(Norf%27k)Act2004.doc | title=Archived copy |website=www.info.gov.nf |accessurl- datestatus= 12 January 2022dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725040011/http://www.info.gov.nf/legislation/NumberedActs/2004/NorfolkIslandLanguage(Norf%27k)Act2004.doc |archive-date=25 July 2008 | urlaccess- statusdate= dead12 January 2022 |website=www.info.gov.nf}}</ref>
▲Australia is home to many [[sign language]]s, the most widespread of which is known as [[Auslan]], which is the main language of about 5,500 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action=404&documentproductno=0&documenttype=Details&order=1&tabname=Details&areacode=0&issue=2006&producttype=Census%20Tables&javascript=true&textversion=false&navmapdisplayed=true&breadcrumb=POTLD&&collection=Census&period=2006&productlabel=Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home%20(full%20classification%20list)%20by%20Sex&producttype=Census%20Tables&method=Place%20of%20Usual%20Residence&topic=Language& |title=20680-Language Spoken at Home (full classification list) by Sex – Australia |last=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=27 June 2007 |work=2006 Census Tables : Australia |location=Canberra |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=7 December 2010}}</ref> Other sign languages include the various [[Australian Aboriginal sign languages|manual Indigenous languages]] like [[Akitiri Sign Language|Eltye eltyarrenke]], [[Warlpiri Sign Language|Rdaka-rdaka]] and [[Yolŋu Sign Language]]. Lastly, there is a small community of people who speak [[Australian Irish Sign Language]] (AISL), a [[French Sign Language family|Francosign]] language related to [[French Sign Language]] rather than being a [[BANZSL|Banzsl]] language like Auslan.<ref>{{cite web |title=austririshsign-adam-0376 |url=https://www.elararchive.org/uncategorized/SO_9c3cfc02-f7c0-4571-8e5e-5e5983ebd5a8/ |website=Endangered Languages Archive |access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Australian Irish Sign Language: a minority sign language within a larger sign language community |url=https://cultureincrisis.org/projects/australian-irish-sign-language-a-minority-sign-language-within-a-larger-sign-language-community |website=Culture in Crisis |access-date=24 December 2022}}</ref>
==English language==
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