HIAS: Difference between revisions

HIAS was founded in 1881{{r|HIAS-history}}{{efn|name=foundation}} in response to the late 19th- and early 20th-century exodus of [[Jew]]ish [[emigrant]]s from [[Imperial Russia]]. It merged with the Hebrew Sheltering House Association, founded in New York the same year.<ref name="UNHCR">{{cite web |last=Irwin |first=Tim |date=February 3, 2011 |title=Q&A: Jewish agency in US marks 130 years of protecting the persecuted |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |url=http://www.unhcr.org/print/4d4ab6556.html |access-date=December 19, 2013}}</ref> [[Lawrence J. Epstein]] writes that the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society was founded in 1904;<ref>{{harvnb|Epstein|2007|p=40}}. "HEAS Agents were notorious in their mistreatment of immigrants at [[Castle Clinton|Castle Garden]]. The group&nbsp;— not to be confused with HIAS, the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society&nbsp;— ceased functioning in 1884. The work of HEAS was taken over by [[United Hebrew Charities]] ..."</ref> several other sources give a date of 1902.<ref>"The Jewish Migration Problem: How It Has Been Met, by Albert Rosenblatt, Vice President, Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), 1924," reproduced in Jacob Rader Marcus, ''The Jew in the American World: A Source Book'' (1996), Wayne State University Press, {{ISBN|0-8143-2548-3}}. p. 371.</ref>{{sfn|Cohn-Sherbok|1992}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/heritage/episode7/documents/documents_10.html |title=HIAS Offers Aid to New Arrivals |website=[[PBS]] |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011106101144/https://www.pbs.org/wnet/heritage/episode7/documents/documents_10.html |archive-date=November 6, 2001 |url-status=bot: unknown }} in {{cite episode |date=1984<!--from series description--> |title=The Golden Land, 1654–1930s |series=Heritage: Civilization and the Jews |network=[[PBS]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Karesh|Hurvitz|2005|p=201}} ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' mentioned the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society in an article published in 1882.<ref>"[http://search.proquest.com/docview/534635066/ Alleged Clubbing of Immigrants: Was This a Police Outrage]". ''The Baltimore Sun''. June 14, 1882. p. 1. ''"The New York Herald states that two Russian Hebrew immigrants were subjected to very severe usage by a policeman in that city Monday, their offense consisting in having complained of ill treatment by the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society when asked for assistance. It is stated, on the authority of an eye witness, that a policeman became angry because of a request from one of the immigrants to be allowed to go into an office of the society in a basement, and dealt the immigrant a powerful blow with a club, the blood spurting from a terrible gash and pouring in streams over his face and neck."''</ref> HIAS reported its date of formation as 1881 on its [[Form 990|annual return]] with the [[Internal Revenue Service]].<ref name="990-2014">{{cite web |title=Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax |publisher=HIAS Inc |via=[[GuideStar]] |url=http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2014/135/633/2014-135633307-0c3cb10b-9.pdf |access-date=December 31, 2014}}</ref>