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Peter Hounam and Frank Barnaby both testified as defense witnesses for Vanunu. Before appearing in court, Hounam was warned that he would be arrested if he reported on the proceedings or his own testimony. He was allowed to report that he "gave evidence" regarding his "relationship" with Vanunu.<ref name=":0">Jones, Derek: ''Censorship: A World Encyclopedia'', p. 2558</ref><ref name=":1">https://fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/barnaby.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
On 28 March 1988, Vanunu was convicted. He was sentenced to eighteen years of imprisonment from the date of his abduction in Rome.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-11-25-9911250182-story.html|title=PAPER PRINTS EXCERPTS FROM TRIAL OF ISRAELI SPY|first=Tribune News|last=Services|website=chicagotribune.com|date=25 November 1999 }}</ref> The Israeli government refused to release the transcript of the court case until, under a threat of legal action, it agreed to let censored extracts be published in ''[[Yedioth Ahronoth]]'', an Israeli newspaper, in late 1999.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}
Vanunu served his sentence at [[Shikma Prison]] in [[Ashkelon]],<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> where he was held in administratively imposed solitary confinement. On 3 May 1989, he appealed his conviction and sentence to the Israeli Supreme Court and was brought from prison in a closed police vehicle to the Supreme Court for an appeal hearing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1989/05/04/archive/vanunu-appeal-opens-in-israel-as-italians-rally-behind-him|title=Vanunu Appeal Opens in Israel As Italians Rally Behind Him|publisher=JTA.org|date=4 May 1989}}</ref> In 1990, his appeal was rejected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1990/05/29/archive/high-court-rejects-vanunus-appeal-will-decide-on-publishing-decision|title=High Court Rejects Vanunu's Appeal, Will Decide on Publishing Decision|date=29 May 1990}}</ref> The following year, an appeal to the Supreme Court arguing for better prison conditions was also rejected.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jta.org/1991/11/05/archive/vanunu-loses-bid-for-better-conditions|title=Vanunu Loses Bid for Better Conditions|date=5 November 1991}}</ref> On 12 March 1998, after having spent over eleven years in solitary confinement, Vanunu was released into the general prison population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/65034.stm|title=BBC News - WORLD - Israel ends 12-year solitary|website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> While in prison, Vanunu took part in small acts of defiance, such as refusing psychiatric treatment, refusing to initiate conversations with the guards, reading only English-language newspapers rather than Hebrew ones, refusing to work, refusing to eat lunch when it was served, and watching only [[BBC|BBC television]]. "He is the most stubborn, principled and tough person I have ever met", said his lawyer, Avigdor Feldman. In 1998, Vanunu appealed to the Supreme Court for his Israeli citizenship to be revoked. The Interior Minister denied Vanunu's request on grounds that he did not have another citizenship. He was denied parole because he refused to promise that he would never speak of the Dimona facility or his kidnapping and imprisonment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=229406|title=Vanunu to High Court: I no longer want Israeli citizenship|work=JPost.com|access-date=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2002/jun/05/familyandrelationships.israelandthepalestinians|title = Real lives: Our son, the rebel| website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date = 5 June 2002}}</ref>
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On 2 June 2019, Vanunu reported at his Facebook Wall, "that for the 16th year, after 18 years behind bars" Israel renewed the restrictions against Vanunu "not to meet foreigners, not leave the country".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thearabdailynews.com/2019/06/05/vanunu-mordechais-33-years-captivity-continues-at-facebook/ | title=The Arab Daily News | Vanunu Mordechai's 34th Year Captivity Continues at Facebook| date=5 June 2019}}</ref>
On 3 December 2019, Israel's Supreme Court dismissed Vanunu's latest petition seeking to end the restraining orders against "his freedom" and "privacy" citing "a concern about the probability of closeness to the certainty that if the restrictions imposed on Vanunu are removed, he will act to publish this [relevant confidential] information."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thearabdailynews.com/2019/12/21/mordechai-vanunus-2019-supreme-court-petition-for-full-freedom-from-israel-dismissed/|title=Mordechai
On 1 June 2020, Vanunu reported on [[Twitter]]: “They renew all the restrictions for one more year, from June 2020 to June 2021...I will continue to post every month".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fleming |first1=Eileen |title=Annual Update for Vanunu Mordechai, Israel's nuclear whistleblower and Captive |url=https://thearabdailynews.com/2020/06/06/annual-update-for-vanunu-mordechai-israels-nuclear-whistleblower-and-captive/ |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=The Arab Daily News |date=6 June 2020}}</ref>
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