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The '''National Broadband Network''' ('''NBN''') is an Australian [[National (distribution)|national]] wholesale [[Open-access network|open-access]] data network. It includes [[wired communication|wired]] and [[Radiocommunication service|radio communication]] components rolled out and operated by [[NBN Co]], a [[Government-owned corporation]]. [[Internet service providers]], known under NBN as retail service providers or RSPs, contract with NBN to access the [[Telecommunications network|data network]] and sell fixed [[Internet access]] to [[end users]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://delimiter.com.au/2011/03/09/nbn-what-does-retail-service-provider-actually-mean/ |title=NBN: What does 'retail service provider' actually mean? |last=LeMay |first=Renai |website=Delimeter |date=9 March 2011 |access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
Rationales for this national telecommunications infrastructure project included replacing the [[Plain old telephone service|existing copper cable telephony network]] that is approaching [[End-of-life (product)|end of life]],{{efn|For example, most of Australia's copper network is affected by water due to extensive use of faulty gel for insulation in the past.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ross |first1=Nick |title=NBN alternative: Is |url=http://www.abc.net.au/technology/articles/2013/09/19/3851924.htm |access-date=12 December 2014 |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|date=19 September 2013}}</ref>}} and the rapidly growing demand for Internet access. As initially proposed by the [[Rudd government (2007–2010)|Rudd government]] in 2009, wired connections would have provided up to 100 Mbit/s (later increased to 1000 Mbit/s), although this was decreased to a minimum of 25 Mbit/s in 2013 after the election of the [[Abbott government]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/344966/bandwidth_demand_reach_1gbps_by_2020_nbn_co_ceo/ |title=Bandwidth demand to reach 1Gbps by 2020: NBN Co CEO |last1=Hutchinson |first1=James |date=30 April 2010 |work=Computerworld |access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/finance/business/national-broadband-network-to-be-10-times-faster-says-stephen-conroy/news-story/003a43b7ee543afeeebaa22f23fdf1b1|title=NBN to be 10 times faster - Stephen Conroy |date=12 August 2010 |work=[[News.com.au]]|access-date=1 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.afr.com/technology/abbott-turnbull-detail-coalitions-25mbps-broadband-plan-20130409-jybfz |title=Abbott, Turnbull detail Coalition's 25Mbps broadband plan |last1=Fitzsimmons |first1=Caitlin |date=10 April 2013 |work=[[Australian Financial Review]]|access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/525840/his_own_words_tony_abbott_nbn/ |title=In his own words: Tony Abbott on the NBN |last1=McDonald |first1=Stephanie |date=9 September 2013 |work=[[Computerworld]]|access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref>
As the largest infrastructure project in Australia's history,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://business.theage.com.au/business/a-separate-company-for-a-broadband-network-20080904-49zt.html |title=A separate company for a broadband network |last=Egan |first=Michael |date=5 September 2008 |work=[[The Age]]|access-date=7 September 2008 |location=Melbourne}}</ref> NBN was the subject of significant political contention and has been an issue in [[2013 Australian federal election|federal elections]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://theconversation.com/senate-hearing-circus-shows-politics-has-no-place-in-nbn-20943 |title=Senate hearing circus shows politics has no place in NBN |last1=Sorell |first1=Matthew |date=2 December 2013 |work=The Conversation |access-date=4 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="abc130616">{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-13/federal-election-nbn-promises-past-and-present/7506714 |title=Explained: What is happening with the NBN? |last1=Conifer |first1=Dan |date=13 June 2016 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> The [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal Party]] government initially stated that the "Multi-Technology Mix" (MTM) would be completed by 2016, however this was changed after the election to 2019 and then again to 2020. The project cost jumped from the Liberal Party's estimated $29.5 billion before the 2013 federal election, to $46–56 billion afterwards. In 2016 NBN Co. said it was on target for $49 billion,<ref name="abc130616"/> but by late 2018 the estimated final cost was $51 billion.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.afr.com/technology/web/nbn/nbn-co-hopes-for-enterprise-saviour-after-2-billion-blowout-20180831-h14rlv |title=NBN Co hopes for enterprise saviour after $2 billion blowout |work=Financial Review |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref>
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The Multi-Technology Mix (MTM) was selected as the approach to broadband provision by the [[Coalition (Australia)|Liberal–National coalition]] in the lead up to the [[2013 Australian federal election]].
After the 2013 election, the [[Abbott government]] announced immediate changes to the NBN: most of the NBN
Reports and audit into the NBN commissioned by the Abbott government in 2013
* {{cite web |url=https://www.communications.gov.au/publications/broadband-availability-and-quality-report |date=20 February 2014 |title=Broadband Availability and Quality Report}}
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Morrow admitted that 15% of end users receive poor service through NBN and are 'seriously dissatisfied'.<ref>[http://www.afr.com/business/telecommunications/nbn-to-review-pricing-as-part-of-image-problem-fix-20170724-gxhk0q Michael Smith & Tony Boyd, (24 July 2017), NBN to review pricing as part of image problem fix, ''Australian Financial Review'']. Retrieved 25 July 2017</ref> In addition, Morrow indicated that in July, prices and performance for end users were suppressed through a 'price war' between RSPs.<ref>[http://www.news.com.au/technology/online/nbn/nbn-embarks-on-charm-offensive-to-address-confusion-and-complaints/news-story/07b17fc3b8563ccf706fafa2e2f7db87 Nick Whigham, (28 July 2017), NBN embarks on charm offensive to address confusion and complaints, ''news.com.au'']. Retrieved 29 July 2017</ref><ref>[https://www.itnews.com.au/news/nbn-co-boss-declares-war-with-internet-providers-469724 Ry Crozier, (31 July 2017), NBN Co boss declares war with internet providers: Blames ISPs for performance problems, ''ITNews'']. Retrieved 31 July 2017</ref> However, despite this comment, the Telecommunications Industry Ombudsman released its annual reporting showing a 159% increase in NBN complaints with nearly 40% of NBN customers dissatisfied.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news.com.au/technology/online/nbn/australian-broadband-complaints-surge-64-per-cent-tio-says-and-nbn-complaints-more-than-double/news-story/f2033805821cb84975a51cb42c05d67f|title=Australians increasingly frustrated with bad broadband services}}</ref>
In response to the imminent broadcast of a critical documentary, Turnbull stated that NBN was a failure, but blaming the earlier [[Rudd government (2007–10)|Rudd]] and [[Gillard government]]s.<ref name="train_wreck">[http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-23/nbn-malcolm-turnbull-labor-to-blame-for-calamitous-train-wreck/9076324 Jesse Dorsett, (24 October 2017), NBN Co is a 'calamitous train wreck' that may never make a profit, Malcolm Turnbull says, laying blame with Labor, ''ABC News'']. Retrieved 27 October 2017</ref><ref name="BBC">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-41577003 Trevor Marshallsea How Australia's A$49bn internet network came to be ridiculed, BBC]. Retrieved 27 October 2017</ref> The documentary noted significant issues with the rollout and complaints regarding performance of the NBN.<ref name="Four_Corners">[http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/whats-wrong-with-the-nbn/9077900 Geoff Thompson and presented by Sarah Ferguson, (23 Oct 2017), What's wrong with the NBN?], ''[[Four Corners]]''. Retrieved 27 October 2017</ref> Following the Prime Minister's acknowledgment of the NBN's failure, Rudd noted that, on assuming government in 2013, Turnbull, as Minister for Communications in the Abbott government, radically changed the network's technical aspects.<ref name="Rudd_4C">[https://www.lifehacker.com.au/2017/10/you-changed-horse-in-mid-stream-kevin-rudd-on-turnbulls-nbn/ Campbell Simpson, (24 October 2017), 'You Changed Horse In Mid-Stream': Kevin Rudd On Turnbull's NBN, ''Lifehacker'']. Retrieved 27 October 2017</ref>
The ACCC began an inquiry into the NBN in November 2017, to investigate whether regulation was needed to improve outcomes for consumers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.accc.gov.au/regulated-infrastructure/communications/national-broadband-network-nbn/nbn-wholesale-service-standards-inquiry|title=NBN wholesale service standards inquiry|date=2 November 2017|website=Australian Competition and Consumer Commission|language=en|access-date=28 February 2018}}</ref> In November 2017 NBN Co temporarily suspended the rollout of its HFC network due to performance issues,<ref>Jennifer Duke, [https://www.smh.com.au/business/media-and-marketing/nbn-chief-bill-morrow-says-six-to-ninemonth-delay-for-those-yet-to-connect-to-hfc-network-20171127-gztg46.html NBN halts HFC network rollout to address performance issues], ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', 27 November 2017.</ref> costing Telstra close to $600 million AUD of its 2018 profits.
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===2019===
In April 2019, the ACCC released a report stating that consumers were paying more for basic internet access under the NBN than they were for ADSL plans under the same speeds. Mark Gregory of [[RMIT University]] estimated that to return the NBN to all-fibre similar to the initial plan would cost between $16 billion and $20 billion over five to ten years.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Isabelle |date=2019-04-09 |title=NBN 'obsolete': How Australia became a 'third-world broadband country'" |url=https://thenewdaily.com.au/life/tech/2019/04/09/nbn-accc-slow-speeds/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=The New Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
NBN Co's chief executive Stephen Rue announced in August 2019 that the $51 billion project would be completed within budget by June 2020. At the time of the announcement, the network was 85% complete.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-15/nbn-co-chief-says-better-times-ahead/11415256|title=NBN will be complete by mid-2020 within revised budget, says CEO Stephen Rue|publisher=ABC News|date=15 August 2019|access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>
In December 2019, [[Speedtest.net]] ranked Australia 68th globally in terms of internet speed, a decline of three places from the year before and the fourth-slowest in the [[OECD]], while being under the global average.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lane |first=Isabelle |date=2020-01-28 |title='Embarrassingly slow': Australia has fourth slowest broadband in the OECD |url=https://thenewdaily.com.au/life/tech/2020/01/28/broadband-speeds-australia-oecd/ |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=The New Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
===2020===
In February 2020, Rue announced that the network was 90% complete. He also reaffirmed his August 2019 announcement that the project would be completed within budget by June 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-11/nbn-on-track-and-on-budget-says-ceo-stephen-rue/11953694|title=NBN Co posts half-year loss but CEO Stephen Rue says project near completion and on budget|publisher=ABC News|date=11 February 2020|access-date=12 February 2020}}</ref>
In September 2020, the Coalition announced a $4.5 billion upgrade to the NBN, planning to bring faster internet speeds to up to 8 million people, a move seen as a backflip from the
==Infrastructure==
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