Gutta-percha: Difference between revisions

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Long before Gutta-percha was introduced into the Western world, it was used in a less processed form by the natives of the Malaysian archipelago for making knife handles, walking sticks, and other purposes. The first European to discover this material was [[John Tradescant the Younger|John Tradescant]], who collected it in the far east in 1656. He named this material "Mazer wood". [[William Montgomerie]], a medical officer in imperial service, introduced gutta-percha into practical use in the West. He was the first to appreciate the potential of this material in medicine, and he was awarded the gold medal by the Royal Society of Arts, London in 1843.<ref name=prakesh>Harvey Wickes Felter and John Uri Lloyd. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200511081759/http://medind.nic.in/eaa/t05/i2/eaat05i2p32.pdf "Gutta-Percha-: An Untold Story. Prakesh et al. ~2001 Endodontology"]. King's American Dispensatory.</ref>
 
Scientifically classified in 1843, it was found to be a useful natural [[thermoplastic]]. In 1851, {{convert|30000|long cwt|kg|abbr=on|lk=in}} of gutta-percha was imported into Britain.<ref name=GPC/> During the second half of the 19th century, gutta-percha was used for many domestic and industrial purposes,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Devil's Milk |last=Tully |first=John |date=2011 |publisher=NYU Press}}</ref> and it became a household word. Gutta-percha was particularly important for the manufacture of [[submarine communications cable#Construction|underwater telegraph cables]].<ref name=GPC>Bill Burns, [http://atlantic-cable.com/Article/GuttaPercha/ The Gutta Percha Company], atlantic-cable.com, accessed 6 October 2010.</ref> Indeed, it made them possible. It does not degrade in seawater and is a good electrical insulator. These properties, along with its mouldability and flexibility made it ideal for the purpose. There was no other material to match it in the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Aitken |first1=Frédéric |last2=Foulc |first2=Jean-Numa |title=From deep sea to laboratory. 1 : the first explorations of the deep sea by H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) |date=2019 |publisher=ISTE-WILEY |location=London, UK |isbn=9781786303745 |pages=16-3816–38 |url=http://www.iste.co.uk/book.php?id=1474 |chapter=1}}</ref> The use in electrical cables generated a huge demand which led to [[sustainability|unsustainable]] harvesting and collapse of supply.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tully|first=John|title=A Victorian Ecological Disaster: Imperialism, the Telegraph, and Gutta-Percha|journal=Journal of World History|year=2009|volume=20|issue=4|pages=559–579|doi=10.1353/jwh.0.0088|s2cid=144216751}} [http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/journal_of_world_history/v020/20.4.tully.html muse.jhu.edu]</ref>
 
====Electrical====
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====Art====
Gutta-percha is used as a [[resist]] in silk painting,<ref>{{citecitation |last=Moyer |first=Susan Louise |title = Silk Painting: The Artist's Guide to Gutta and Wax Resist Techniques |publisher=Watson-Guptill Publications |year=1991 | isbn = 0823048284 }}</ref><ref>{{citecitation |lastlast1=Ball |firstfirst1=Kazz |last2=Janitch |first2=Valerie |title=Hand Painted Textiles for the Home |publisher=David & Charles Publishers |year=1993 |isbn=0715301578 |page=94}}</ref> including some newer forms of [[batik]].
 
====Dentistry====