Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: Difference between revisions

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Various scholars like [[D. T. Suzuki|DT Suzuki]] and Takasaki Jikido have noted that the text is somewhat unsystematic and disorganized, resembling the [[notebook]] or [[commonplace book]] of a Mahayana master which recorded important teachings.<ref>Karl-Heinz Golzio (2010). ''Lankavatara-Sutra: die makellose Wahrheit erschauen,'' pp 1-4. Barth.</ref><ref name=":1">Takasaki, Jikido (1980). ''[https://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/en/search/search_detail.jsp?seq=331713&comefrom=authorinfo Analysis of the Lankavatara. In Search of its Original Form]'', Indianisme et Bouddhisme : Mélanges offerts à Mgr Etienne Lamotte, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Institut Orientaliste.</ref> According to Takasaki Jikido, the Lanka "is, as often said, merely a mosaic collection of small parts put at random within the frame of a sutra."<ref name=":1" />
 
The present Sanskrit edition contains ten chapters and most scholars consider the introductory chapter (the "Ravana" chapter), the ninth chapter (a [[dharani]]) and the last chapter (the ''Sagathakam'' verses) as being later additions. Furthermore, not all versions of the sutra contain these chapters (1, 9, 10).<ref name=":1" /> However, some verses found in the ''Sagathakam'' are also duplicates and are found within the main body of the sutra. Takasaki Jikido has argued that these verse portions might actually be the earliest core of the sutra, around which prose explanations grew.<ref name=":1" /> The sutra is set on [[Adam's Peak|Mount Malaya]] (i.e. Mount Laṅkā, Sri Pada) in [[Sri Lanka]], which is said to be the abode of [[Ravana]], the lord of the [[Yaksha|Yakshas]] and ruler orof Sri Lanka.<ref>William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous. ''A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms: With Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index,'' p. 402. Psychology Press, 2003</ref>
 
The ''Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra'' draws on and explains numerous important Mahayana Buddhist concepts including the philosophy of [[Yogachara|Yogācāra]] school, the doctrine of [[Śūnyatā|emptiness]] (''śūnyatā''), and the doctrines of [[buddha-nature]] (''tathāgatagarbha''), and the [[luminous mind]] (''prabhāsvaracitta'').<ref name=":0" /><ref>Youru Wang, ''Linguistic Strategies in Daoist Zhuangzi and Chan Buddhism: The Other Way of Speaking.'' Routledge, 2003, page 58.</ref> In the introduction to the sutra (the ''[[nidana]]''), the sutra outlines some key teachings which will be expounded on, "the Five Dharmas and the Three Inherent Natures (pañcadharmasvabhāva), the Eight Consciousnesses (vijñāna) and the Two forms of Selflessness (nairātmyādvaya)."<ref name=":11" /> Indeed, the sutra later states that within this set of teachings is included "all of the [[Mahayana]]".<ref name=":11" />