Libertarianism: Difference between revisions

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→‎Contemporary libertarianism in the United States: Removed large amounts of history of the Tea Party, as both undue and synthetic. None of the removed sources referenced the Tea Party in relation to "libertarianism".
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[[File:Sept 12, 2009 - Tea Party Tax Payer Protest, Washington DC.jpg|thumb|[[Tea Party movement]] protest in Washington, D.C., September 2009]]
2009 saw the rise of the [[Tea Party movement]], an American political movement known for advocating a reduction in the United States national debt and federal budget deficit by reducing government spending and taxes, which had a significant libertarian component<ref name="libertarian">{{cite web |url=http://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/libertarian-roots-tea-party?mc_cid=6b9d637298&mc_eid=a1708a475b |title=Libertarian Roots of the Tea Party |last1=Kirby |first1=David |last2=Ekins |first2=Emily McClintock |publisher=[[Cato Institute]] |date=6 August 2012 |journal= |access-date=7 June 2017 |archive-date=4 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005725/https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/libertarian-roots-tea-party?mc_cid=6b9d637298&mc_eid=a1708a475b |url-status=live}}</ref> despite having contrasts with libertarian values and views in some areas such as [[free trade]], [[immigration]], [[nationalism]] and [[social issues]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Libertarianism What Everyone Needs to Know |last=Brennan |first=Jason |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=2012 |page=142 |quote=Is the Tea Party libertarian? Overall, the Tea Party movement is not libertarian, though it has many libertarian elements, and many libertarians are Tea Partiers. [...] They share the libertarian view that DC tends to be corrupt, and that Washington often promotes special interests at the expense of the common good. However, Tea Party members are predominantly populist, nationalist, social conservatives rather than libertarians. Polls indicate that most Tea Partiers believe government should have an active role in promoting traditional "family values" or conservative Judeo-Christian values. Many of them oppose free trade and open immigration. They tend to favor less government intervention in the domestic economy but more government intervention in international trade.}}</ref> A 2011 ''Reason''-Rupe poll found that among those who self-identified as Tea Party supporters, 41 percent leaned libertarian and 59 percent [[Social conservatism in the United States|socially conservative]].<ref>Ekins, Emily (26 September 2011). [http://reason.com/poll/2011/09/26/is-half-the-tea-part-libertart "Is Half the Tea Party Libertarian?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511064727/http://reason.com/poll/2011/09/26/is-half-the-tea-part-libertart |date=11 May 2012 }} ''[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]''. 26 September 2011.</ref> Named after the [[Boston Tea Party]], it also contains [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]]<ref>{{cite news |first=Pauline |last=Arrillaga |title=Tea Party 2012: A Look At The Conservative Movement's Last Three Years |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/14/tea-party-2012_n_1425957.html? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417025313/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/14/tea-party-2012_n_1425957.html |archive-date=17 April 2012 |newspaper=[[Huffington Post]] |date=14 March 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Michelle |last=Boorstein |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/05/AR2010100501491.html|title=Tea party, religious right often overlap, poll shows |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=5 October 2010 |access-date=22 August 2017 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407201008/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/05/AR2010100501491.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Peter |last1=Wallsten |first2=Danny |last2=Yadron |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703882404575520252928390046 |title=Tea-Party Movement Gathers Strength |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=29 September 2010 |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-date=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913085143/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703882404575520252928390046 |url-status=live}}</ref> andcontained [[Right-wing populism in the United States|populist]] elements.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123137382 |first=Liz |last=Halloran |title=What's Behind The New Populism? |publisher=[[NPR]] |date=5 February 2010 |access-date=4 April 2018 |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729230703/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123137382 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/16/us/politics/16teaparty.html |title=Tea Party Lights Fuse for Rebellion on Right |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=16 February 2010 |first=David |last=Barstow |access-date=19 February 2017 |archive-date=2 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302180744/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/16/us/politics/16teaparty.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newsweek.com/2010/04/05/party-time.html |title=Party Time |work=[[Newsweek]] |date=6 April 2010 |first=Howard |last=Fineman |author-link=Howard Fineman |access-date=18 June 2014 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713102631/http://www.newsweek.com/2010/04/05/party-time.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and has sponsored multiple protests and supported various political candidates since 2009. Tea Party activities have declined since 2010 with the number of chapters across the country slipping from about 1,000 to 600.<ref name="HuffPostDec">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120417025313/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/14/tea-party-2012_n_1425957.html "Tea Party 2012: A Look At The Conservative Movement's Last Three Years"].</ref><ref name="DBDec">[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/02/06/tea-party-is-dead-how-the-movement-fizzled-in-2012-s-gop-primaries.html Tea Party 'Is Dead': How the Movement Fizzled in 2012's GOP Primaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201185046/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/02/06/tea-party-is-dead-how-the-movement-fizzled-in-2012-s-gop-primaries.html |date=1 February 2014 }}. ''The Daily Beast''. 2 February 2012.</ref> Mostly, Tea Party organizations are said to have shifted away from national demonstrations to local issues.<ref name="HuffPostDec" /> Following the selection of [[Paul Ryan]] as [[Mitt Romney]]'s [[Mitt Romney presidential campaign, 2012|2012]] vice presidential running mate, ''[[The New York Times]]'' declared that Tea Party lawmakers are no longer a fringe of the conservative coalition, but now "indisputably at the core of the modern Republican Party".<ref>[http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/ryan-brings-the-tea-party-to-the-ticket/?smid=tw-thecaucus&seid=auto Ryan Brings the Tea Party to the Ticket] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524003451/http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/12/ryan-brings-the-tea-party-to-the-ticket/?smid=tw-thecaucus&seid=auto |date=24 May 2013 }}. ''The New York Times''. 12 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.</ref> [[Donald Trump|President Donald Trump]] praised the Tea Party movement throughout his [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|2016 presidential campaign]].<ref name="auto1">[http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/29/politics/donald-trump-tea-party-nashville/ "Donald Trump courts tea party at Nashville straw poll," By MJ Lee, CNN, August 29, 2015], retrieved December 1, 2016.</ref> In a January 2016 [[CNN]] poll at the beginning of the [[2016 Republican primary]], Trump led all Republican candidates modestly among self-identified Tea Party voters with 37 percent supporting Trump and 34 percent supporting [[Ted Cruz]].<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/26/politics/donald-trump-ted-cruz-polling/ "CNN/ORC Donald Trump Poll: Donald Trump dominates GOP field at 41%," by Jennifer Agiesta, CNN, January 26, 2016], retrieved December 1, 2016.</ref> By 2016, ''[[Politico]]'' noted that the Tea Party movement was essentially completely dead; however, the article noted that the movement seemed to die in part because some of its ideas had been absorbed by the mainstream Republican Party.<ref>{{cite web |title=How We Killed the Tea Party |url=https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/08/tea-party-pacs-ideas-death-214164 |website=[[Politico]]|date=14 August 2016 }}</ref>
 
In 2012, anti-war and pro-[[drug liberalization]] presidential candidates such as Libertarian Republican Ron Paul and Libertarian Party candidate [[Gary Johnson]] raised millions of dollars and garnered millions of votes despite opposition to their obtaining ballot access by both Democrats and Republicans.<ref>Raimondo, Justin (6 November 2012). [http://original.antiwar.com/justin/2012/11/06/election-2012-ron-pauls-revenge/ "Election 2012: Ron Paul's Revenge!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112211817/http://original.antiwar.com/justin/2012/11/06/election-2012-ron-pauls-revenge/ |date=12 January 2013 }} [[Antiwar.com]]. Retrieved 7 November 2012.</ref> The [[2012 Libertarian National Convention]] saw Johnson and [[Jim Gray (jurist)|Jim Gray]] being nominated as the 2012 presidential ticket for the Libertarian Party, resulting in the most successful result for a third-party presidential candidacy since 2000 and the best in the Libertarian Party's history by vote number. Johnson received 1% of the popular vote, amounting to more than 1.2 million votes.<ref name="million">{{cite web|url=http://reason.com/blog/2012/11/07/gary-johnson-pulls-one-million-votes-one|title=Gary Johnson Pulls One Million Votes, One Percent|work=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]]|date=7 November 2012|access-date=7 November 2012|author=Tuccile, J.D.|archive-date=9 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109061252/http://reason.com/blog/2012/11/07/gary-johnson-pulls-one-million-votes-one|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/11/08/Libertarian-Party-buoyant-Greens-hopeful/UPI-46151352363400/|title=Libertarian Party buoyant; Greens hopeful|work=United Press International|access-date=9 November 2012|archive-date=18 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218223524/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2012/11/08/Libertarian-Party-buoyant-Greens-hopeful/UPI-46151352363400|url-status=live}}</ref> Johnson has expressed a desire to win at least 5 percent of the vote so that the Libertarian Party candidates could get equal [[Election threshold|ballot access]] and [[Presidential election campaign fund checkoff|federal funding]], thus subsequently ending the [[two-party system]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Karoun Demirjian|url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2012/oct/05/libertarian-candidate-makes-push-nevadas-ron-paul-/|title=Libertarian candidate makes push for Nevada's Ron Paul supporters|newspaper=Las Vegas Sun|date=5 October 2012|access-date=2 November 2012|archive-date=28 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028015413/http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2012/oct/05/libertarian-candidate-makes-push-nevadas-ron-paul-/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why 5% matters to Gary Johnson|url=http://ivn.us/2012/11/01/why-5-matters-to-gary-johnson/|author=Lucas Eaves|date=1 November 2012|publisher=Independent Voter Network|access-date=6 November 2012|archive-date=18 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618034013/http://ivn.us/2012/11/01/why-5-matters-to-gary-johnson/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Texas Politics Today, 2013–2014 Edition – p. 121, William Maxwell, Ernest Crain, Adolfo Santos – 2013.</ref> The [[2016 Libertarian National Convention]] saw Johnson and [[Bill Weld]] nominated as the 2016 presidential ticket and resulted in the most successful result for a third-party presidential candidacy since 1996 and the best in the Libertarian Party's history by vote number. Johnson received 3% of the popular vote, amounting to more than 4.3 million votes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf|title=Official 2016 Presidential General Election Results|publisher=Federal Election Commission|date=December 2017|access-date=30 December 2019|archive-date=27 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427072618/https://transition.fec.gov/pubrec/fe2016/federalelections2016.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the [[2022 Libertarian National Convention]], the [[Mises Caucus]], a [[Paleolibertarianism|paleolibertarian]] faction, became the dominant faction on the Libertarian National Committee.<ref>{{cite web |last=Doherty |first=Brian |date=2022-05-29 |title=Mises Caucus Takes Control of Libertarian Party |url=https://reason.com/2022/05/29/mises-caucus-takes-control-of-libertarian-party/ |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=[[Reason (magazine)|Reason]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mas |first=Frederic |date=2022-06-01 |title=United States: the libertarian party veers to the right |url=https://www.contrepoints.org/2022/06/01/431241-etats-unis-le-parti-libertarien-vire-a-droite |access-date=2022-06-07 |website=[[Contrepoints]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref>