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Line 74: The Council of State originates from the 13th century, by which time the King's Court (''Curia regis'') had split into three sections, one of which was the King's Council (''Curia in consilium'', later ''[[Conseil du roi]]''), which too broke up into three distinct parts: the ''Conseil secret'' 'Privy Council', the ''Conseil privé'' 'Private Council', and ''Conseil des finances'' 'Council of Finances'. Reorganized under [[Louis XIV]] into two major groupings, the ''Conseil d'État privé, finances et direction'' that was the direct ancestor of the Council of State. It brought together legal advisors and experts to advise the King on claims against the Crown. Officially established in 1557, this was the largest of the [[Conseil du Roi\|King's Council]]s made up of France's [[Chancellor of France\|High Chancellor]], lords of peerage, Ministers and Secretaries of State, the [[Controller-General of Finances\|Comptroller-General]], 30 [[Conseiller d'État\|Councillors of State]], 80 [[maître des requêtes\|masters of requests]], and the [[Intendant]]s of Finance. The judicial portion of the Council was known as the ''Conseil d'État privé'' or ''Conseil des parties''. ~~The~~French kings~~, who~~ had the power to dispense justice and hand down judgments as the court of last resort, and delegated this judicial power to royal courts and [[parlement]]s. But the French king still retained the power to override them at will. Specifically, French kings maintained their privilege to decide major issues and hand down ~~judgements~~judgment when administrative acts were in dispute. The judgments of the King's Council of State were regarded as being issued under the King's residual proper jurisdiction (''justice retenue''), that is, the sovereign's reserved power to dispense justice in certain matters. Legal advisors also assisted the King in developing new laws and, by delegated jurisdiction, directly exercised sovereign rights (''jura regalia''). ''For more on French government administration during the [[ancien régime\|Old Regime]], see [[Ancien Régime in France]].''

Conseil d'État: Difference between revisions