Toyota War: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Last phase of the Chadian–Libyan conflict}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| partof = the [[Chadian–Libyan conflict]] and the [[Cold War]]
| image = EUFOR - Tchad (3).jpg
| caption = Chadian soldiers on a [[Toyota Land Cruiser (J70)|Toyota Land Cruiser]] pickup truck in 2008. Vehicles such as these gave the 1986–1987 conflict its name.
| date = December 16, 1986 – September 11, 1987<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=12|day1=16|year1=1986|month2=09|day2=11|year2=1987}})
| place = [[Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture]], [[Chad]]
| casus = Libyan occupation of northern Chad
| territory =
| result=Chadian and French victory = cease-fire
| combatant1 = {{plainlist|
*Ceasefire agreement
*Expulsion of Libyan forces from Chad
|combatant1={{plainlist|
* {{Flagcountry|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya}}
* {{flagdeco|Chad}} [[Democratic Revolutionary Council|CDR]]
* {{flagcountry|Palestine Liberation Organisation}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://raseef22.com/politics/2018/11/27/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A/|title=قصة من تاريخ النشاط العسكري الفلسطيني... عندما حاربت منظمة التحرير مع القذافي ضد تشاد - رصيف22|date=4 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n8LsPA3mTBYC&q=PLO+Aouzou&pg=PA98|title=Palestinian Refugees: Pawns to Political Actors|first=Ghada Hashem|last=Talhami|date=30 November 2018|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=9781590336496|via=Google Books}}</ref>
}}
| combatant2 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Chad}} [[Chadian National Armed Forces|FANT]]
* {{flagdeco|Chad}} [[People's Armed Forces|FAP]]
* {{flag|France|1974}} ([[Opération Épervier]])
}}
| commander1 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya}} [[Muammar Gaddafi]]
* {{flagdeco|Libyan Arab Jamahiriya}} [[Khalifa Haftar]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/41980/politique/libye-la-deuxi-me-vie-de-khalifa-haftar-au-tchad-et-la-d-faite-finale-de-ouadi-doum/|title=Libye : la deuxième vie de Khalifa Haftar au Tchad et la défaite finale de Ouadi Doum|last=Touchard|first=Laurent|date=21 October 2014|work=[[Jeune Afrique]]|access-date=28 October 2018}}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|PLO}} Mahmoud Abu Marzouq
}}
| commander2 = {{plainlist|
* {{flagdeco|Chad}} [[Hissène Habré]]
* {{flagdeco|Chad}} [[Hassan Djamous]]
Line 33 ⟶ 31:
* {{flagdeco|France|1974}} Jean Saulnier
}}
| strength1 = {{ubl|'''Libya''':{{ubl|90,000{{sfn|Metz|2004|p=254}}|300+ tanks|60+ aircraft}}|'''CDR''':{{ubl|1,000 militia<ref>''The Americana Annual, 1988'', 180</ref>}}}}
| strength2 = {{ubl|'''FANT''':{{ubl|28,000{{sfn|Azevedo|1998|p=119}}}}|'''FAP''':{{ubl|1,500–2,000<ref>''The Economic Cost of Soviet Military Manpower Requirements'', 143</ref>}}|'''France''':{{ubl|1,500|12+ aircraft}}}}
| casualties1 = {{ubl|7,500 killed|1,000 captured|800 tanks & APCs lost|28–32 aircraft destroyed<ref name=Pollack397>{{harvnb|Pollack|2002|p=397}}</ref>}}
| casualties2 = 1,000 killed<ref name=Pollack397 />
| casualties3 =
| notes =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Chad-Libya}}
{{Campaignbox Toyota War}}
| conflict =
}}
The '''Toyota War''' ({{Lang-ar|حرب التويوتا|Ḥarb al-Tūyūtā}}, {{Lang-fr|Guerre des Toyota}}) or '''Great Toyota War''',{{sfn|Neville|2018|p=16}} which took place in 1987 in Northern [[Chad]] and on the [[Chad–Libya border]], was the last phase of the [[Chadian–Libyan conflict]]. It takes its name from the [[Toyota]] pickup trucks, primarily the [[Toyota Hilux]] and the [[Toyota Land Cruiser]], used to provide mobility for the Chadian troops as they fought against the Libyans, and as [[Technical (vehicle)|technical]]s.{{sfn|Clayton|1998|p=161}} The 1987 war resulted in a heavy defeat for Libya, which, according to American sources, lost one tenth of its army, with 7,500 men killed and [[United States dollar|US$]]1.5 billion worth of [[military equipment]] destroyed or captured.<ref name=Simons58>{{harvnb|Simons|2004|p=58}}</ref> Chadian forces only suffered 1,000 deaths.<ref name=Pollack397/>