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'''Bijapur''', officially known as '''Vijayapura''',<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=113433 |title=Renaming of cities |date=16 December 2014 |access-date=5 August 2017 |agency=[[Press Information Bureau]]}}</ref> is the district headquarters of [[Bijapur district, Karnataka|Bijapur district]] of the [[Karnataka]] state of [[India]]. It is also the headquarters for [[Bijapur Taluk]]. Bijapur city is well known for its historical monuments of architectural importance built during the rule of the [[Adil Shahi]] dynasty. It is also well known for
The city was established in the 10th–11th centuries by the [[Kalyani Chalukyas]] and was known as ''Vijayapura'' (city of victory). The city was passed to [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadava]]s after Chalukya's demise. In 1347, the area was conquered by the [[Bahmani Sultanate]]. After the split of the Bahmani Sultanate, the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Bijapur Sultanate]] ruled from the city. Relics of the Sultanates' rule can be found in the city, including the [[Bijapur Fort]], [[Bara Kaman]], [[Jama Mosque, Bijapur|Jama Masjid]], and [[Gol Gumbaz]].
Bijapur, one of the popular heritage
Civic administration of the city is managed by the Bijapur City Corporation and office of Deputy Commissioner in Bijapur. The office of Deputy Commissioner has the responsibility for rural areas in Bijapur, while the corporation administers the city of Bijapur. Effective administration of the heritage city of Bijapur is the main == History ==
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=== Early history ===
The Bijapur district is historically, traditionally and legendarily, one of the richest districts in the state.
Early Western Chalukya period lasting from about A.D. 535 to about A.D.757. Rastrakuta period from A.D. 757 to A.D.973. Kalachuri and Hoysala period from A.D. 973 to about A.D.1200. Devagiri Yadava period from A.D.1185 to the Muslim conquest of Devagiri in A.D. 1312.
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== Geography ==
Bijapur is located 140 km from [[Sangli]], 212 km from [[Belagavi]] and 349 km from [[Pune]]. Bijapur has a semi-arid climate. It is located at {{coord|16.83|N|75.7|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Bijapur, India|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/19/Bijapur.html|website=www.fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of 606 metres (1988 ft). The district has two types of soil.
Krishna river ===Climate and temperature===
The climate of Bijapur district is generally dry and healthy. In summer, especially in April and May, it is
| location = Bijapur (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
| metric first = Yes
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* Ali Adil Sha II's tomb is located to the north-west of the citadel, and is housed in a big square roofless structure consisting of incomplete arches in dark basalt. This incomplete structure is {{convert|215|ft|m}} square and on the raised platform stand the incomplete arches. In the centre on the elevated platform are the tombs.
* Ali Shahi Pir's mosque and tomb is a square massive structure, its mihrab is remarkable in some ways. The tomb of the saint is outside the north-east gate of the mosque.
* Khwaja Amin Dargah is considered as the most sacred in the city and is situated about {{cvt|1.5|km}} to the west of Bijapur.
* Anand Mahal is to the west of Gagan Mahal and in the premises of the citadel stands this two-storeyed mansion. This was constructed by Ibrahim Adil Sha II in 1589, exclusively for music and dance. The roof was ornamented with stucco work. The Ananda Mahal presently is being used by the State for Government offices.
* Andu Masjid stands a little away from the citadel to the west of the Jumanal road. It is a two-
* Aras Mahal Is to the south-east of Adalat Mahal and was once a joy resort of Ali II. It is now the residence of the District Surgeon.
* Ark-Killa the citadel is at the centre of the city. It is also most important part of Bijapur. Yusuf Adilshah chose it as the site for his fort. The present citadel is nearly circular. Its defences are a strong wall with several bastions of considerable strength on the south and east.
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== Sufis of Bijapur ==
[[File:Dargah Murtuza Bijapur.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Tomb or Dargah of Sufi Saint Hazrat Murtuza Quadri located at western side Bijapur]]
Arrival of [[Sufis]] in the
According to Tazkiraye Auliyae Dakkan i.e., Biographies of the saints of the Deccan, compiled by Abdul Jabbar Mulkapuri in 1912–1913,
{{cquote|Sufi Sarmast was one of the earliest sufi of this region. He came to the Deccan from [[Arab]]ia in the 13th Century at a time when the Deccan was a land of unbelievers with no sign of Islam or correct faith anywhere. His companions, pupils (fakir), disciples (murid), and soldiers (ghazi), numbered over seven hundred. He settled in Sagar in Solapur district. There, a zealous and anti-Muslim raja named Kumaram (Kumara Rama) wished to expel Sufi Sarmast, and his companions having also prepared to a struggle, a bitter fight ensued. Heroes on both sides were slain. Finally the raja was killed by the hand of his daughter. Countless Hindus were killed, and at this time Lakhi Khan Afghan and Nimat Khan came from [[Delhi]] to assist him. Hindus were defeated and the Muslims were victorious. The rest of the Hindus, having accepted tributary status, made peace. Since by nature he was fundamentally not combative, Sufi Sarmast spread the religion of [[Muhammad|Mohammed]] and befriended the hearts of Hindus. Having seen his fine virtue s and uncommon justice, many Hindus of that time accepted Islam, finally he died in the year A.H.680 i.e., 1281 A.D.<ref>Richard Maxwell Eaton, Sufis of Bijapur (1300–1700), Page:22 Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 1978,</ref>}}
After this period arrival of Sufis in Bijapur and suburbs was started. Ainuddin Gahjul Ilm Dehelvi narrates that Ibrahim Sangane was one of the early Sufis of Bijapur parish.
Ibrahim Zubairi writes in his book Rouzatul Auliyae Beejapore (compiled during 1895) which describes that more than 30 tombs or Dargahs are there in Bijapur with more than 300 ''Khankahs
== Demographics ==
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== Transport ==
===Road===
Roadways: geographically & strategically well connected through major cities by four lane NH-13 (Solapur–Mangalore) (now [[National Highway 50 (India)|NH50]]), [[National Highway 218 (India)|NH-218]] (Hubli–Humnabad) and other state highways. The main stand in Bijapur is near the southwestern side of the citadel, near the city center. Bus services to Badami, Belgaum, Almatti, Gulbarga, Bidar, Hubli, Solapur and Miraj are frequent.
Bijapur is geographically & strategically well connected through major cities by four lane NH 13(Solapur–Mangalore) (now NH50), NH-218 (Hubli–Humnabad) and other state highways.
Bijapur is a big road transport hub and its state run bus transport division has 6 depots/units and comes under [[Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation]] (KKRTC) headquartered at [[Gulbarga]].
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Bijapur–[[Shahabad, Gulbarga|Shahabad]] is a proposed new railway line (via Devar Hippargi, Sindgi, Jewargi) and was sanctioned in the state budget of 2010–11.{{Citation needed|reason=No Crystal Ball|date=April 2013}}
Bijapur–[[Athani, Belgaum|Shedbal]] is a proposed new railway line (via [[Tikota]], [[Athani (Karnataka)|Athani]], [[Shedbal]]) survey has been completed and submitted to South Western Railway [[Hubli]].
GoK's intention is to develop Bijapur - [[Gulbarga]] belt as a cement & steel hub, which has created a need for a direct railway line between Bijapur and Shahabad.
===Air transport===
The nearest airport is at [[Kalaburagi Airport|Gulbarga]] (152 km). Many airlines connect Bijapur to the rest of India via this airport. A [[greenfield airport]] which can accommodate [[ATR 72]] & Airbus 320 (expansion afterwards) is currently being built by Karnataka government.
==Education==
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Engineering colleges are affiliated to [[Visvesvaraya Technological University]] viz, [[B.L.D.E.A's V.P. Dr. P.G. Halakatti College of Engineering and Technology]] and [[SECAB College of Engineering and Technology]]
Al Ameen Medical college is affiliated to [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]].<ref>[http://www.rguhs.ac.in/ RGUHS-homepage] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229231043/http://www.rguhs.ac.in/ |date=29 December 2010 }}</ref> BLDEA's B.M.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre is a deemed university recognised by UGC.
Many of colleges except professional are affiliated to Rani Chennamma University Belgaum viz, B.L.D.E.A'S A.S.PATIL COLLEGE OF COMMERCE(Autonomous)MBA Programme, Bijapur. Rani Chennamma University has a Post-Graduation Centre at Bijapur also.
First women's university in the state of Karnataka is located at Bijapur. Various post-graduate courses like MBA, MCA are conducted here. Bijapur also has BLDE (Deemed to be University, a deemed University of health sciences recognised by UGC.<ref>{{cite web |title=BLDE University |url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/deemed_uniinfo.aspx?id=75 |website=Deemed Universities |publisher=University grants commission |access-date=2 January 2023}}</ref>
The Bijapur district is known for its mosques, structural monuments, art and architectural heritages, archaeological sites and cave temples. With the objective to spread education in this area, Karnatak University opened its Post-Graduate Centre in 1993.
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