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Between 1911 and 1914, the island became a base for the [[Australasian Antarctic Expedition]] under Sir [[Douglas Mawson]]. [[George Ainsworth]] operated a [[meteorology|meteorological]] station between 1911 and 1913, followed by Harold Power from 1913 to 1914, and by Arthur Tulloch from 1914 until the station was shut down in 1915.
In 1933, the authorities declared the island a wildlife sanctuary under the Tasmanian ''Animals and Birds Protection Act 1928'' and, in 1972, it was made a State Reserve under the Tasmanian ''National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970''.<ref name="parks.tas.gov.au">[http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=626 Parks & Wildlife Service - History of the Reserve] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314151641/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=626 |date=14 March 2011}}. Parks.tas.gov.au (24 June 2013). Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref> On 25 May 1948, the [[Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions]] (ANARE) established its expedition headquarters on Macquarie Island. In March 1949, they were visited by the Fifth [[French Antarctic Expedition#
The island had status as a [[nature reserve|biosphere reserve]] under the [[Man and the Biosphere Programme]] from 1977 until its withdrawal from the program in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/withdrawal-of-biosphere-reserves/ |title=Biosphere reserves withdrawn from the World Network of Biosphere reserves |work=Man and the Biosphere Programme |publisher=UNESCO |access-date=5 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161211184110/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/ecological-sciences/biosphere-reserves/withdrawal-of-biosphere-reserves/ |archive-date=11 December 2016}}</ref> On 5 December 1997, Macquarie Island was inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]] as a site of major geoconservation significance, being the only place on earth where rocks from the [[earth's mantle]] are being actively exposed above sea-level.<ref name="parks.tas.gov.au" /><ref name="WHL">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/629 |title=Macquarie Island |work=[[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]] |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |date=1997 |access-date=8 July 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621064210/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/629/ |archive-date=21 June 2016}}</ref>
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