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In early 1812, Persia invaded Karabagh. They occupied Shahbulag Castle, which the Russians later recaptured. They attacked a Russian battalion at "Sultan-Buda" using European-style infantry and a few British officers. After a day of fighting the Russians surrendered. Russia responded to this unusual defeat by moving [[Pyotr Kotlyarevsky]], the hero of [[Akhalkalaki]], from the Turkish to the Persian front.
In the summer of 1812, just as Napoleon was preparing to invade Russia, the Russians made peace with the Ottoman Empire and Russian troops in Caucasia turned to Persia. On 19 October, Kotlyarevsky ignored the cautious Ritishchev's orders, crossed the [[Aras (river)|Aras]] river and routed the Persians at the [[Battle of Aslanduz]]. He then crossed the snow-covered [[Mughan plain|Mughan Plain]] and, [[Siege of Lankaran|after a five-day siege]], stormed the newly-built fort of [[Lenkaran|Lankaran]]. The Russians lost 1000 men, two-thirds of their force. Of the 4000-man Persian garrison, every survivor was bayonetted. Kotlyarevsky was found wounded among a heap of corpses. He was carried half-dead to [[Tbilisi|Tiflis]] (now Tbilisi) and survived for 39 more years, unfit for further service. A victory at "Karabezouk" completed the discomfiture of the Persians (3 April 1813). News of [[French invasion of Russia#Retreat|Napoleon's defeat]] reached Persia in the spring of 1813. Peace negotiations were already underway and an [[armistice]] was made in October. In the [[Treaty of Gulistan]], Persia recognized Russian possession of all the khanates it{{Who|date=February 2023}} held and gave up all pretensions to Dagestan and Georgia. The border in the northern part of [[Talish (region)|Talysh]] was left for later decision. Persia kept [[Meghri]] in southwest Karabakh, which the Russians had abandoned as unhealthy and inaccessible from the rest of Karabakh.
Thirteen years later, in another [[Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)|Russo-Persian War]] fought from 1826 to 1828, Persia tried to regain its territory. It was defeated and lost the khanates of [[Erivan Khanate|Yerevan]] and [[Nakhichevan Khanate|Nakhichevan]], roughly corresponding to modern Armenia.
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