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The lagoon is man-made. The water is a byproduct from the nearby [[geothermal power]] plant [[Svartsengi Power Station|Svartsengi]] where superheated water is vented from the ground near a lava flow and used to run [[steam turbine|turbines]] that generate electricity. After going through the turbines, the steam and hot water pass through a [[heat exchanger]] to provide heat for a municipal [[water heating]] system. Then the water is fed into the lagoon.
The rich mineral content is provided by the underground geological layers and pushed up to the surface at a pressure of about {{convert|1.2|MPa|bar|abbr=on}} and temperature of {{convert|240|°C}}, which is used by the powerplant. Because of its high mineral concentration, the water cannot be recycled, and must be disposed of in the nearby landscape, a permeable [[lava field]] that varies in thickness from {{
The water renews every two days.<ref name=":2" /> The average [[pH]] is 7.5 and the salt content is 2.5%.<ref name=":2" /> Very few organisms live in the water apart from some [[Cyanobacteria|blue-green algae]]. Despite the water not being artificially disinfected, it contains no [[Fecal coliform|fecal bacteria]], environmental bacteria, [[Fungus|fungi]], or plants.<ref name=":2" />
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