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However, Hobbes states that there is a {{lang|la|summum malum}}, or greatest evil. This is the fear of violent death. A political community can be oriented around this fear.
Since there is no {{lang|la|summum bonum}}, the natural state of man is not to be found in a political community that pursues the greatest good. But to be outside of a political community is to be in an anarchic condition. Given human nature, the variability of human desires, and the need for scarce resources to fulfill those desires, the [[state of nature]], as Hobbes calls this anarchic condition, must be a [[bellum omnium contra omnes|war of all against all]]. Even when two men are not fighting, there is no guarantee that the other will not try to kill him for his property or just out of an aggrieved sense of honour, and so they must constantly be on guard against one another. It is even reasonable to preemptively attack one's
{{quote|In such condition there is no place for industry, because the fruit thereof is uncertain, and consequently no culture of the earth, no navigation nor the use of <!--"nor use of the"? - thus in Penguin edn-->commodities that may be imported by sea, no commodious building, no instruments of moving and removing such things as require much force, no knowledge of the face of the earth, no account of time, no arts, no letters, no society, and which is worst of all, continual fear and danger of violent death, and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.<ref>Hobbes, ''Leviathan'', XIII.9.</ref>}}
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